1. I have borrowed this expression from the recently released report of the Commission on Global Governance co-chaired by Ramphal, S. and Carlson, I.. See Our Global Neighbourhood: Report of the Commission on Global Governance (1995).Google Scholar

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8. Such criteria may vary from the christian laws of God, through the procedural naturalism of Lon Fuller, and the feminist movement's anti-patriarchy, to the cost-benefit analysis of capitalism. See respectively, MacDermott, T.S., Summa Theologica: A Concise Translation (1989);Google Scholar Fuller, L., The Morality of Law (1969);Google Scholar Boyd, S., ‘(Re)Placing the State: Family, Law and Oppression’, 9 Can. JL & Soc. (1994) p. 39;CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Bennet, B., ‘Cost Benefit Analysis, the Market and Political Legitimacy’, 23 USFL Rev. (1988) pp. 23, 58–60.Google Scholar

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21. See AgendaforDevelopment, Reportofthe United Nations Secretary-General, 6 May 1994, UN Doc. A/48/935.

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27. Idem.

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35. Michael Reisman expressed a similar point of view in a contemporary article which, though characteristically seminal and articulate, did not focus on some normative criteria for the evaluation of municipal governance which are currently present in the international system. See Reisman, W.M., ‘Sovereignty and Human Rights in Contemporary International Law’, 84 AJIL (1990) p. 866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

36. Emphasis added.

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38. The Nicaragua case at first glance seems to suggest this. See Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Around Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. USA) (Merits) 1986, ICJ 14 at 108, para. 205.Google Scholar The decision should, however, be confined to its narrow ratio decidendum because it was also made clear in that decision that had the court been able to identify any strictly binding legal obligation assumed by Nicaragua with respect to the enthronement of democratic rule in that country, it would not hesitate to hold Nicaragua bound by such obligation. See ibid. at 131–132. Moreover, the question of the lawfulness of a modality for the enforcement of democratic entitlement differs from that of the existence of such an entitlement.

39. See, for example, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, December 9,1948, UN Doc. A/81071, which established that the treatment of national populations falls within the purview of international regulation. See Bleimaier, loc. cit. n. 24, at p. 22.

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52. See the South West Africa Cases 1966, ICJ 6; Legal Consequences for States ofthe Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) Notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) (Advisory Opinion) 1971, ICJ 16at 66–69; and Western Sahara (Advisory Opinion) 1975, ICJ 12.

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62. Idem at p. 49. Emphasis supplied.

63. Idem.

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91. African Charter, Art. 24, supra n. 87.

92. See the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, December 16, 1966, reprinted in 6 ILM (1967) p. 360 (hereinafter ‘ICESCR’).

93. European Social Charter, October 18, 1961, Arts. 1–19, 529 UNTS (1961) p. 89; African Charter, Arts. 15–18 and 22; and the American Convention on Human Rights, Art. 26, November 22, 1969, 9 ILM (1970) p. 673.

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