¹ Pope Benedict XVI, “Pope's Homily at Vespers for Sts. Peter and Paul”, Zenit.org, ZE100662806 – 2010-06-28, http://www.zenit.org/article-29734?l=english.

² Pope John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis, no. 9. (Hereafter RH) & Dives in Misericordia, nos. 7–8. (Hereafter DM).

³ Pope John Paul II, Dominum et Vivificantem, no. 2. (Hereafter DV)

⁴ DM no. 7.

⁵ Pope John Paul II, Redemptoris Missio, no. 11. (Hereafter RM).

⁶ RM no. 11.

⁷ RM no. 11.

⁸ RM no. 11.

⁹ RH no. 4.

¹⁰ RM no. 9.

¹¹ RM no. 10.

¹² RM no. 10.

¹³ RM no. 10.

¹⁴ RM no. 10.

¹⁵ Ephesians 1: 10, quoted in RM no. 6.

¹⁶ RM no. 7.

¹⁷ RM no. 5.

¹⁸ DV no. 49, RH no. 1 & Pope John Paul II, Catechesi del mercoledi (Casale Monferrato, 1988) 3, p. 28, 5 March, 1986.

¹⁹ RM no. 10.

²⁰ Quoted in RH no. 13.

²¹ RM no. 4.

²² Gaudium et Spes no. 22.

²³ Ratzinger, Joseph, “Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, Part 1, Chapter 1,” in Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, Vol 5., ed. Vorgrimler, Herbert, trans. O’Hara, W. J. (New York: Herder and Herder, 1968), p. 160Google Scholar.

²⁴ Ladaria, Luis, “Humanity in the Light of Christ in the Second Vatican Council,” in Vatican II: Assessment and Perspective's, Vol. 2., ed. Latourelle, Rene (New York: Paulist Press, 1989), p. 391Google Scholar.

²⁵ DV no. 54. Cf. St. Augustine, Confessions, Book 10, 27: “For behold, You were within me, and I outside; and I sought You outside and in my unloveliness fell upon those lovely things that You have made. You were with me and I was not with You.”

²⁶ DV nos. 50–52.

²⁷ Pope John Paul II, Evangelium Vitae, no. 81.

²⁸ Evangelium Vitae, no. 81.

²⁹ DM no. 3.

³⁰ DV no. 54.

³¹ Cf. Matthew 25: 31–46. There are possibilities raised by the presentation of the last judgment in Matthew. With St Paul, we already know that anything done to a disciple of Christ is done to Christ (Acts 9:4–5). We know that anyone who gives even a cup of cold water to someone because they are a disciple of Christ will not lack their reward (Matthew 10:42). But Matthew's last judgment seems to introduce another perspective. Just who are the ‘brethren’ of Christ? Granted, every Christian is. But since John Paul II held that Christ is present in every human person in the entire reality of their being, can we hold, as Mother Teresa did, that someone who picks up a dying Hindu baby in the streets of Calcutta is picking up Christ? And just who are ‘the nations’? Is everyone included in this group, Christian and non-Christian, or are they ‘the gentiles’, those who do not belong to the New Israel? Could someone who is not a Christian, who has not encountered Christ in faith and baptism, ‘encounter’ Christ in what Mother Teresa described as ‘Jesus in his distressing disguise’? Would that account for the surprise in their voices, ‘Lord, when did we see you … ’? There may not be an ‘anonymous Christianity’, but there may be innumerable ‘anonymous Christs’ whom non-Christians have ‘encountered’ without knowing it, and in so doing, have unknowingly established a relationship of self-giving love with him – a real encounter, but with Christ in disguise.

³² Cf. Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Smyrneans, 8. “Wherever the bishop appears, there let the people be, just as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church.”

³³ RM no. 12.

³⁴ RM nos. 18 & 20.

³⁵ RM no. 13.

³⁶ RM no. 13.

³⁷ RM no. 14.

³⁸ RM no. 18. Cf. Lumen Gentium no. 5.

³⁹ Cf. Dupuis, Jacques, Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism (New York: Orbis Books, 2001), p. 338Google Scholar. “The theme of the relationship between the Church and the Kingdom of God is … treated in a rather new fashion [than in Lumen Gentium] by … Redemptoris Missio … The encyclical shows that in Jesus Christ the Kingdom is made present: ‘The proclamation and establishment of God's Kingdom are the purpose of his mission … But that is not all. Jesus himself is the ‘Good News’ … The secret of the effectiveness of his actions lies in his total identification with the message he announces: he proclaims the ‘Good News’ not just by what he says or does, but by what he is’ (RM 13). Thus the ministry of Jesus contains something new which is of primordial importance in relation to the Reign of God: ‘The eschatological reality is not relegated to a remote ‘end of the world,’ but is already close and at work in our midst. The Kingdom of God is at hand’ (RM 13).”

⁴⁰ RM no. 18. Cf. Gaudium et Spes, no. 22.

⁴¹ RM no. 18.

⁴² RM no. 18.

⁴³ RH no. 7 & DV no. 52.

⁴⁴ RM no. 18.

⁴⁵ RM no. 20. Cf. Pope Paul VI, Evangelii Nuntiandi, no. 34.

⁴⁶ RM no. 13.

⁴⁷ RM nos. 13 & 16.

⁴⁸ RM no. 14.

⁴⁹ RM no. 18.

⁵⁰ RM no. 18.

⁵¹ RM no. 16.

⁵² RM no. 16.

⁵³ RM no. 16.

⁵⁴ RM no. 19.

⁵⁵ RM no. 15.

⁵⁶ Cf. RM no. 18.

⁵⁷ RM no. 14.

⁵⁸ RM no. 14.

⁵⁹ RM no. 20.

⁶⁰ RM no. 20.

⁶¹ RM no. 20.

⁶² RM no. 20.

⁶³ RM no. 20.

⁶⁴ RM no. 18.

⁶⁵ Saward, John, Christ is the Answer: The Christ-Centered Teaching of Pope John Paul II (New York: Alba House, 1995), p. 61Google Scholar.

⁶⁶ RM no. 20.

⁶⁷ RM no. 19.

⁶⁸ RM no. 20.

⁶⁹ RM no. 20.

⁷⁰ RM no. 15.

⁷¹ RM no. 15.

⁷² RM no. 20.