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Reis, Tania Carlson
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Kerr, Aaron K.
2023.
The Palgrave Handbook of Educational Thinkers.
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Aquinas on Teaching and Learning
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2024
Abstract
Thomas Aquinas has a philosophy of education. In this article I try to indicate what it amounts to by focusing not only on his theoretical discussions of teaching and learning but also on what can be gleaned about his approach to teaching by looking at his own teaching practice as displayed in some of his writings. In addition, I look at two of Aquinas's sermons that shed light on what he thinks about teaching and learning.
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References
1 The present article is the text of the second of two lectures delivered to Catholic teachers of religious education on July 3rd 2014 at St. Ethelreda's church in London. I am grateful to John Williams for permission to reproduce the lecture for publication. John and I were students together in our local comprehensive school in Wales, and he organized the lectures I gave on July 3rd. John and I were both taught by the late and great Dan Williams, a teacher better than whom is hard to imagine.
2 I quote, with slight modification, from Volume 1 of the Blackfriars Edition of the Summa Theologiae (Eyre and Spottiswoode and McGraw-Hill Book Company: London and New York, 1964), p.3Google Scholar.
3 I elaborate on this point in Chapter 1 of my Thomas Aquinas's ‘Summa Theologiae’: A Guide and Commentary (Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2014)Google Scholar.
4 Matthew 23:8. I quote from the New Revised Standard version of the Bible.
5 Matthew 23:8 comes up for discussion both in De Veritate 11,1 and Summa Theologiae, 1a,117,1.
6 John 1:9.
7 De Veritate, 11,1. I quote from Volume I of James V. McGlynn's translation of the De Veritate (Henry Regnery Company: Chicago, 1953), p.79Google Scholar.
8 Summa Theologiae, 1a,117, 1. I quote from Volume 15 of the Blackfriars Edition of the Summa Theologiae, pp.129 and 131.
9 I quote again from McGlynn's translation (p.78), though with slight modification.
10 De Veritate, 11,1 (McGlynn, p.83, with slight modification).
11 Hume, David, A Treatise of Human Nature, edited by Selby-Bigge, L.A., second revised edition by Nidditch, P.H. (Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1978), p.79Google Scholar.
12 I quote from Thomas Aquinas: Selected Philosophical Writings, edited by McDermott, Timothy (Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 1993), p.84Google Scholar
13 Summa Theologiae, 1a2ae,101,2. The words I quote come in an objection to the article to which I refer. But Aquinas evidently accepts what they say.
14 De Veritate, XI,1.
15 De Regno, Book II, Chapter 3.
16 Aquinas is sometimes described as an Aristotelian. But, while acknowledging debts to Aristotle, and while often employing Aristotelian terminology, Aquinas's teaching differs from that of Aristotle in striking ways, especially when it comes to the notions of causality and virtue. I try to draw attention to this in my Thomas Aquinas's ‘Summa Theologiae’: A Guide and Commentary cited above. See also Jordan, Mark D., Rewritten Theology: Aquinas after His Readers (Blackwell: Oxford, 2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
17 Summa Theologiae, 2a2ae, 180,1. I quote from volume 46 of the Blackfriars edition of the Summa Theologiae (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, and McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1966), p.15Google Scholar.
18 Summa Contra Gentiles, IV,13. I quote from the translation of Book Four of the Contra Gentiles by O'Neil, Charles J. (University of Notre Dame Press: Notre Dame and London, 1975), pp.96–97Google Scholar.
19 This passage occurs in Aquinas's inaugural lecture as a Master of Theology at Paris. I quote from Tugwell, Simon (ed.), Albert and Thomas: Selected Writings (Paulist Press: New York and Mahwah, 1998), p.355Google Scholar.
20 Actually, Aquinas held that Jesus had nothing to learn from human teachers. But he does think that, in listening to others, Christ provides us with an example to follow.
21 My quotations from the sermon Puer Jesus all come from Thomas Aquinas: The Academic Sermons, translated by Mark-Robin Hoogland (The Catholic University of America Press: Washington, D.C., 2010), pp.87–107). The critical edition of Aquinas's academic sermons, to be published by the Leonine Commission, is currently in press.
22 Summa Theologiae, 2a2ae,166. The question consists of two articles.
23 For more on this, see Herbert McCabe, ‘Aquinas on Good Sense’, reprinted in Davies, Brian (ed.), Thomas Aquinas: Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives (Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2002)Google Scholar.
24 Summa Theologiae, 2a2ae,49,3.
25 Summa Theologiae, 3a,7,7.
26 For discussion of Aquinas on Christ as a teacher, see Sherwin, Michael O.P., ‘Christ the Teacher in St. Thomas's Commentary on the Gospel of John’, in Dauphinais, Michael and Levering, Matthew (ed.), Reading John with St. Thomas Aquinas: Theological Exegesis and Speculative Theology (The Catholic University of America Press: Washington, DC., 2005)Google Scholar.
27 Collationes Credo in Deum, 1. I quote from The Sermon Conferences of St. Thomas Aquinas on the Apostles’ Creed, translated, edited, and introduced by NicholasAyo, (University of Notre Dame Press: Notre Dame, 1988), p.23Google Scholar.
28 I quote, with modification, from Aquinas's, Commentary on the Gospel of St. John, translated by Weisheipl, James A. and Larcher, Fabian R., Part 1 (Magi Books: Albany, New York, 1980), p.310Google Scholar. The quotation is part of lecture 4 of Aquinas's commentary on John 5.
29 For what I take to be a brief but cogent defense of this position coming from a 20th century philosopher, see Anscombe, Elizabeth, ‘What Is It to Believe Someone?’, in Delaney, C.F. (ed.), Rationality and Religious Belief (University of Notre Dame Press: Notre Dame, 1979)Google Scholar.
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