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Sultan Abdülhamid II and Palestine: Private Lands and Imperial Policy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2015

Roy S. Fischel  and
Ruth Kark
Roy S. Fischel
Affiliation:
Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations and Department of History, The University of Chicago, Chicago, fischel@uchicago.edu
Ruth Kark
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, mskark@mscc.huji.ac.il
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Abstract

This paper surveys the private lands owned by of Sultan Abdülhamid II in Palestine and analyzes their spatial distribution and impact, in the context of regional imperial policy. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire faced serious external and internal problems. Sultan Abdülhamid II (r. 1876-1909) used various traditional and modern methods in order to increase the internal cohesion of the empire and strengthen it vis-à-vis external threats.

One unique measure taken by the sultan was the purchase of large tracts of land. He became one of the largest landowners in the empire. In Palestine alone, the sultan purchased around 3% of the total area and initiated measures to increase these lands' productivity for his Privy Purse. In addition to gaining economic profit, Abdülhamid II employed his private lands to solve problems which challenged the sovereignty of the empire. These included attempts to settle the Bedouins, the establishment of new towns in order to subjugate nomads in regions where they threatened rural settlements, settling Muslim refugees from the Caucasus and the Balkans, and protecting strategically sensitive lands located on the frontiers, by purchasing them and thus keeping them out of the hands of others.

Keywords

Abdülhamid IIçiftlik / çiftlik-i hümayunlandownershipPalestinePrivy Purse/hazine-i hassaBedouinsRefugees
Type
Articles
Information
New Perspectives on Turkey , Volume 39 , Fall 2008 , pp. 129 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © New Perspectives on Turkey 2008

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