Cihan Tuğal, Department, Sociology, University of California, Berkeley, USA, ctugal@berkeley.edu. I would like to thank Aynur Sadet and özgür Sadet for their comments and contributions.

1 For the links between the crisis of capitalism and the Gezi revolt, see Wallerstein, Immanuel “Uprisings Here, There, and Everywhere,” Femand Braudel Center: Commentaries 356, July 1, 2013, http://www2.binghamton.edu/fbc/commentaries/archive-2013/356en.htm/ Google Scholar and Žižek, Slavoj “Trouble in Paradise,” London Review of Books 35, no. 14: 11–12.Google Scholar

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5 Only positivistic formalism chooses to ignore how police violence is tightly connected to broader issues in such revolts, especially those that are connected to class and capitalism. For an example, see Could, Roger V. Insurgent Identities: Class, Community, and Protest in Paris from 1848 to the Commune (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995)Google Scholar and critical responses by Margadant, Ted The Journal of Modern History 70, no. 3 (1998): 710–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Voss, Kim International Labor and Working-Class History 52 (1997): 186–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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14 http://roarmag.org/2013/06/from-tahrir-and-rio-to-taksim-the-smell-of-teargas/.

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19 It should also be noted that cuts to education spending did not become an issue in Turkey, though the cuts became a major point of contention in Brazil. In Turkey, education is a highly politicized issue, with secular nationalists on one end of the spectrum and conservatives on the other, and it is difficult to re-politicize this issue in terms of redistribution.

20 See Tuğal, Cihan Passive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009);Google Scholar and Yörük, Erdem “Brazil, Turkey: Emerging Markets, Emerging Riots,” jadiliyya.com, July 21, 2013, http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/contributors/147368.Google Scholar

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22 The game of articulation might have different leading actors on different scales. For the national scale, see De Leon, Cedric, Desai, Manali and Tuğal, Cihan “Political Articulation: Parties and the Constitution of Cleavages in the United States, India, and Turkey,” Sociological Theory 27, no. 3 (2009): 193–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

23 Brenner, Robert “New Boom or New Bubble? The Trajectory of the US Economy,” New Left Review 25 (2004): 57–100.Google Scholar

24 See Tuğal, Cihan “Fight or Acquiesce? Religion and Political Process in Turkey’s and Egypt’s Neoliber-alizations,” Development and Change 43, no. 1 (2012): 23–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

25 See Boratav, Korkut “Olgunlaşmış bir sınıfsal başkaldırı…,” sendika.org, June 22, 2013, http://www.sendika.org/2013/06/her-yer-taksim-her-yer-direnis-bu-isci-sinifinin-tarihsel-ozlemi-olan-sinirsiz-dolaysiz-demokrasi-cagrisidir-korkut-boratav/.Google Scholar

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27 On a related note, Syriza’s defeat in the elections is a good warning to those who expect too much from elections in Turkey, where the socialists and communists are not as strong.

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