¹ Vestiges of sonata form can still be observed in this movement, which has also been analysed as a double variation.

² Compare Fischer’s melodic turns with the slower ones performed by Mitropoulos with the Vienna Philharmonic (1960, live) or Sinopoli with the Staatskapelle Dresden (1997, live). Ančerl’s turns are slower, too, but he keeps the marked accents on each note, like Fischer.

³ On Bernstein’s reading of the beginning of the Ninth as an allusion to Mahler’s cardiac issues, see Six Talks at Harvard (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976): 317.

⁴ See the annotations in Willem Mengelberg’s conducting score (in Hefling, Stephen, ‘The Ninth Symphony’, in The Mahler Companion, ed. Donald Mitchell and Andrew Nicholson (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1999): p. 467 Google Scholar), as well as Alban Berg’s letter to his wife in 1912 and Paul Bekker’s interpretation in La Grange, Gustav Mahler, vol. 4: A New Life Cut Short (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2008): 1395–6.