¹ Beethoven inscribed the phrase ‘Bitte um innern und äussern Frieden’ (‘Prayer for inner and outer peace’) over the ‘Dona nobis’ section of the Agnus Dei and authorized a similar inscription for publication; see Lockwood, Lewis, Beethoven: The Music and the Life (New York: Norton, 2003), 410Google Scholar. See also Lodes, Birgit, ‘Probing the Sacred Genres: Beethoven's Religious Songs, Oratorios, and Masses’, trans. Notley, Margaret, in The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven, ed. Stanley, Glenn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 218–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 234.

² Lockwood, Beethoven, 406–7.

³ See Nicholas Chong, ‘Beethoven's Catholicism: A Reconsideration’ (PhD diss., Columbia University, 2016), and ‘Aufklärung, Katholizismus und die religiöse Anschauung Beethovens’, trans. Siegbert Rampe, in Das Beethoven-Handbuch 5: Beethovens Welt, ed. Siegbert Rampe (Laaber: Laaber-Verlag, forthcoming). My thanks to the author for sharing an unpublished version of this chapter with me.

⁴ Cooper, Barry, ‘Choral Music, Vocal Music with Orchestra, Canons’, in The Beethoven Compendium: A Guide to Beethoven's Life and Music, ed. Cooper, Barry (Ann Arbor: Borders Press, 1991), 256Google Scholar.