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Influence of dietary components on development of the microbiota in single-stomached species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

Eva Bauer ,
Barbara A Williams ,
Hauke Smidt ,
Rainer Mosenthin  and
Martin W. A Verstegen
Eva Bauer*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Strasse 10, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Barbara A Williams
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Hauke Smidt
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Rainer Mosenthin
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Strasse 10, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Martin W. A Verstegen
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Eva Bauer, fax +49 711 459 2421, email evabauer@uni-hohenheim.de
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Abstract

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After birth, development of a normal microbial community occurs gradually, and is affected by factors such as the composition of the maternal gut microbiota, the environment, and the host genome. Diet also has a direct influence, both on composition and activity of this community. This influence begins with the milk, when specific components exert their growth-promoting effect on a beneficial microbiota, thereby suppressing potential pathogens. For example, breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed babies usually have a microbial community dominated by bifidobacteria. When solid food is introduced (weaning), dramatic changes in microbial composition occur, so pathogens can gain access to the disturbed gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem. However, use of specific dietary components can alter the composition and activity of the microbiota positively. Of all dietary components, fermentable carbohydrates seem to be most promising in terms of promoting proliferation of beneficial bacterial species. Carbohydrate fermentation results in the production of SCFA which are known for their trophic and health-promoting effects. Fermentation of proteins, on the other hand, is often associated with growth of potential pathogens, and results in production of detrimental substances including NH3 and amines. In terms of the GI microbiota, lipids are often associated with the antimicrobial activity of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives. The present review aims to provide deeper insights into the composition and development of the neonatal GI microbiota, how this microbiota can be influenced by certain dietary components, and how this might ultimately lead to improvements in host health.

Keywords

DietFermentationGastrointestinal tractMicrobial communitySingle-stomached species
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , June 2006 , pp. 63 - 78
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2006

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