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Validation of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire among the Chinese populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2021

Ying Wang ,
Mandong Liu Open the ORCID record for Mandong Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Wallace Chi Ho Chan Open the ORCID record for Wallace Chi Ho Chan [Opens in a new window] ,
Jing Zhou  and
Iris Chi
Ying Wang
Affiliation:
School of Philosophy and Sociology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
Mandong Liu*
Affiliation:
Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Wallace Chi Ho Chan
Affiliation:
Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
Jing Zhou
Affiliation:
School of Law, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
Iris Chi
Affiliation:
Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
*
Author for correspondence: Mandong Liu, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 West 34th Street MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail: mandongl@usc.edu
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Abstract

Objective

This study reports the evaluation of the original 31-item Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QODD) using a sample of caregivers of recently deceased older adults in China, and the validation of a shortened version (QODD-C) derived from the original scale.

Methods

The translation was performed using a forward and back method. The full scale was tested with 212 caregivers of decedents in four regions of China. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the model fit between the full Chinese version and the original conceptual model and generated the QODD-C. The psychometric analysis was performed to evaluate the QODD-C's internal consistency, content validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity.

Results

A five-domain, 18-item QODD-C was identified with excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.933; split-half Pearson's value = 0.855). The QODD-C total score was significantly associated with constructs related to five domains. The caregiver's relationship with the decedent, the decedent's age at death, death reason, and death place was significantly associated with the QODD-C total score.

Significance of results

The QODD-C is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of dying and death among the Chinese populations.

Keywords

Assessment toolCFAPsychometric propertiesReliabilityValidity
Type
Original Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , December 2021 , pp. 694 - 701
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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