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Diverse single-amino-acid repeat profiles in the genus Cryptosporidium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2018

Giovanni Widmer
Giovanni Widmer*
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, Building 20, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Giovanni Widmer, E-mail: giovanni.widmer@tufts.edu
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Abstract

Genome sequencing has greatly contributed to our understanding of parasitic protozoa. This is particularly the case for Cryptosporidium species (phylum Apicomplexa) which are difficult to propagate. Because of their polymorphic nature, simple sequence repeats have been used extensively as genotypic markers to differentiate between isolates, but no global analysis of amino acid repeats in Cryptosporidium genomes has been reported. Taking advantage of several newly sequenced Cryptosporidium genomes, a comparative analysis of single-amino-acid repeats (SAARs) in seven species was undertaken. This analysis revealed a striking difference between the SAAR profile of the gastric and intestinal species which infect mammals and one species which infects birds. In average, total SAAR length in gastric species is only 25% of the cumulative SAAR length in the genome of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium meleagridis, species infectious to humans. The SAAR profile in the avian parasite Cryptosporidium baileyi stands out due to the presence of long asparagine repeats. Cryptosporidium baileyi proteins with repeats ⩾20 residues are significantly enriched in regulatory functions. As postulated for the related apicomplexan species Plasmodium falciparum, these observations suggest that Cryptosporidium SAARs evolve in response to selective pressure. The putative selective mechanisms driving SAAR evolution in Cryptosporidium species are unknown.

Keywords

cryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiummicrosatellitemucinsimple sequence repeatsingle-amino-acid repeat
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 145 , Issue 9 , August 2018 , pp. 1151 - 1160
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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