Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T11:22:31.634Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The excystment, growth and reproduction of Acanthoparyphiutn spinulosum Johnston, 1917 (Trematoda) in chicks fed various diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

John W. Little
John W. Little
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Studies have been made of the growth and excystment of a trematode, Acanthoparyphium spinulosum, in chicks fed on various denned diets.

Day-old chicks were fed metacercariae and maintained on deficient as well as complete rations for periods up to 20 days. The excystment rate was determined by the number of worms that were recovered from the metacercariae. The largest number of worms were recovered from chicks that received a normal diet with starch as the sole carbohydrate source. The smallest percentage of parasites was found in birds that had received a normal diet with sucrose serving as the carbohydrate source. About 25 % were recovered from chicks fed several other diets.

The trematodes developed and grew well in vitamin A deficient chicks; there was a large number of intra-uterine ova observed in worms from these hosts. Acanthoparyphium spinulosum from chicks fed a ‘no vitamin D’ diet grew at a normal rate until the 6th day; after this they grew more slowly than 6-day-old worms in chicks fed the ‘no vitamin A’ diet.

The lengths of worms from birds deprived of all vitamins differed little from those of the parasites recovered from the chicks deficient in vitamin D. The largest worms were obtained from chicks fed a complete diet with starch as the sole carbohydrate source.

Parasites from chicks fed a diet 50 % deficient in carbohydrates (with sucrose as the carbohydrate) developed normally.

Worms also developed in chicks fed a ‘no protein’ diet with starch and a ‘no protein’ diet with sucrose. A deleterious effect on ova production was observed in worms from both these groups.

Metacercariae developed in chicks fed a ‘no carbohydrate’ diet, but no mature worms were recovered due to the reduced life of the host. Starvation of the hosts produced small worms containing few intra-uterine ova.

The growth curve of A.spinulosum was plotted and compared with Echino-paryphium flexum.

This investigation was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service Grant UI-00202, and by a grant-in-aid of research by the Society of the Sigma Xi, New Haven, Connecticut.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , February 1970 , pp. 61 - 78
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackert, J. E. & Spindler, L. A. (1929). Vitamin D and resistance of chickens to parasitism. American Journal of Hygiene 9, 292–307.Google Scholar
Ackert, J. E., McIlvaine, M. F. & Crawford, N. Z. (1931). Resistance of chickens to parasitism affected by vitamin A. American Journal of Hygiene 13, 320–36.Google Scholar
Addis, C. J. & Chandler, A. C. (1944). Studies on the vitamin requirement of tapeworms. Journal of Parasitology 30, 229–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Addis, C. J. & Chandler, A. C. (1946). Further studies on the vitamin requirement of tapeworms. Journal of Parasitology 32, 581–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balch, C. C., Balch, D. A., Bartlett, S., Bartrum, M. P., Johnson, V. W., Rowland, S. J. & Turner, J. (1955). Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates. Journal of Dairy Research 22, 270–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bearup, A. J. (1960). Life history of Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 8, 217–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, P. C. (1937). Experimental studies on Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich) a fluke from birds and mammals. Illinois Biological Monographs 15, 1–96.Google Scholar
Beudoin, R. L. (1962). The effect of altering the intestinal flora on Hymenolepis diminuta population in rats. Dissertation Abstracts 22, 2915.Google Scholar
von Brand, T. & Mercado, T. I.Histochemical glycogen studies on Fasciola hepatica. Journal of Parasitology 47, 459–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burlingame, P. L. & Chandler, A. C. (1941). Host-parasite relations of Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala) in albino rats, and the environmental nature of resistance to single and superimposed infections with this parasite. American Journal of Hygiene 33, 1–21.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1943). Studies on the nutrition of tapeworms. American Journal of Hygiene 37, 121–30.Google Scholar
Ching, H. L. (1963a). The life cycle and bionomics of Levinseniella chardriformis, Young, 1949 (Trematode: Microphallidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 41, 889–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ching, H. L. (1963b). The description and life cycle of Maritrema laricola sp.n. (Trematode: Microphallidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 41, 881–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clegg, J. A. (1965). In vitro cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni. Experimental Parasitology 16, 133–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawes, B. (1962). Additional notes on the growth of Fasciola hepatica L. in the mouse, with some remarks about recent researches in Belgium. Journal of Helminthology 36, 259–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeMeillon, B. & Paterson, S. (1958). Experimental bilharziasis in animals. VII. Effect of a low-protein diet on bilharziasis in white mice. South African Medical Journal 32, 1086–8.Google Scholar
Dixon, K. E. (1964). Excystment of metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica L. in vitro. Nature, London 202, 1240–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, K. E. (1966a). A morphological and histochemical study of the cystogenic cells of the cercaria of Fasciola hepatica L. Parasitology 56, 287–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dixon, K. E. (1966b). The physiology of excystment of the metacercaria of Fasciola hepatica L. Parasitology 56, 431–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dixon, K. E. & Mercer, E. H. (1964). The fine structure of the cyst wall of the metacercaria of Fasciola hepatica. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 105, 385–9.Google Scholar
Farner, D. S. (1943). The effect of certain dietary factors on gastric hydrogen ion concentration and acidity in the domestic fowl. Poultry Science 22, 295–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fedorovskij, N. P. & Konopleva, V. I. (1959). Physiology of gastric digestion in the goose. Pticevodstvo 10, 39–44. (Abstract in World Poultry Science 17, 61, 1961.)Google Scholar
Foster, A. O. & Cort, W. W. (1935). Further studies on the effect of a generally deficient diet upon the resistance of dogs to hookworm infestation. American Journal of Hygiene 21, 302–18.Google Scholar
Goil, M. M. (1961). Physiological studies on trematodes—Fasciola gigantica carbohydrate metabolism. Parasitology 51, 335–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, R. A. (1967). The fine structure of the trunk and praesoma wall of Acanthocephalus ranae (Schrank, 1788), Luhe, 1911. Parasitology 57, 475–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, G. L. (1958). Experimental studies on the cercaria and metacercaria of a strigeoid trematode, Posthodiplostomum minimum. Experimental Parasitology 7, 23–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howell, M. J. (1968). Excystment and in vitro cultivation of Echinoparyphium serratum. Parasitology 58, 583–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, S. J. (1917). On the trematodes of Australian birds. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales 50, 184–201.Google Scholar
Jung, L. & Pierre, M. (1933). Sur le rôle de la salive chez les Oiseaux granivores. Compte rendu des séances de la Societé de Biologie 113, 115–16.Google Scholar
Krakower, C, Hoffman, W. A. & Axtmayer, J. H. (1940). The fate of schistosomes (S.mansoni) in experimental infections of normal and vitamin A deficient white rats. Puerto Rico Journal of Public Health and Tropical Medicine 16, 269–345.Google Scholar
Levine, P. P. (1938). Observation on the biology of the poultry cestode Davainea proglottina in the intestine of the host. Journal of Parasitology 24, 423–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linton, E. (1892). Notes on avian entozoa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15, 87–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, J. W., Hopkins, S. H. & Schlict, F. G. (1966). Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in oysters at Port Isabel, Texas. Journal of Parasitology 52, 663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, J. W., Hopkins, S. H. & Mackin, J. G. (1969). Notes on the viability of an echinostome metacercaria in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 13, 455–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, W. E. & Adams, J. E. (1961). Life cycle of Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 (Echinostomatidae: Trematoda). Journal of Parasitology 47, 777–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Najarian, H. H. (1954). Developmental stages in the life cycle of Echinoparyphium flexum (Linton, 1892) Dietz, 1910 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Journal of Morphology 94, 165–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, C. P. (1959). The role of carbohydrates in the biology of cestodes. VIII. Some conclusions and hypotheses. Experimental Parasitology 8, 365–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Read, C. P. & Rothman, A. H. (1957a). The role of carbohydrates in the biology of cestodes. I. The effects of dietary carbohydrates quality on the size of Hymenolepis diminuta. Experimental Parasitology 6, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Read, C. P. & Rothman, A. H. (1957b). The role of carbohydrates in the biology of cestodes. IV. Some effects of host dietary carbohydrates on growth and reproduction of Hymenolepis. Experimental Parasitology 6, 294–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Read, C. P. & Rothman, A. H. (1957c). The role of carbohydrates in the biology of cestodes. II. The effects of starvation on glycogenesis and glucose consumption in Hymenolepis. Experimental Parasitology 6, 280–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, W. M. (1940). Some effects of short starvation periods upon the fowl cestode Raillietina cesticillus (Molin). Journal of Parasitology 26 (Suppl.), 16 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Reid, W. M. (1942). Certain nutritional requirements of the fowl cestode Raillietina cesticillus (Molin) as demonstrated by short periods of starvation of the host. Journal of Parasitology 28, 319–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothman, A. H. (1958). The role of bile salts in the biology of tapeworms. I. Effects of bile salts on the metabolism of Hymenolepis diminuta and Oochoristica symmetrica. Experimental Parasitology 7, 328–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothschild, M. (1936). Rearing animals in captivity for the study of trematode life-histories. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 21, 143–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothschild, M. (1939). A note on the life cycle of Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825) (Trematoda). Novitates Zoology 41, 178–80.Google Scholar
Senger, C. M. (1954). Notes on the growth, development and survival of two echinostome trematodes. Experimental Parasitology 3, 491–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheldon, H. & Zetterqvist, H. (1956). Experimentally induced changes in mitochondrial morphology: vitamin A deficiency. Experimental Cell Research 10, 225–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skrjabin, K. I. (1964). Keys to the Trematodes of Animals and Man. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 351 pp.Google Scholar
Thornton, P. A., Schaible, P. J. & Wolterink, L. F. (1956). Intestinal transit and skeletal retention on radioactive strontiums90-yttrium90 in the chick. Poultry Science 35, 1055–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timon-David, J. (1961). Rôle du têtard de Rana esculenta L, comme second hôte intermediaire dans le cycle d'Ascocotyle branchialis nov.sp. (Trematoda, Digenea, Hetreophyidae). Compte rendu hédomadaire des Séance de l'Acadamie des Sciences 252, 3122–4.Google Scholar
Voge, M. & Coulombe, L. S. (1966). Growth and asexual multiplication in vitro of Mesocestoides tetrathyrida. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 15, 902–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winget, C. M., Ashton, G. C. & Cawley, A. J. (1962). Changes in gastrointestinal pH associated with fasting in the laying hen. Poultry Science 41, 1115–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, L. W. (1954). Some factors affecting the intensity of Euhaplorchis californiensis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) infections in chicks. Journal of Parasitology 40, 414–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, W. H. (1935). The relation of vitamin A deficiency to Ascariasis in the dog. Journal of Parasitology 21, 433.Google Scholar
Yamaguti, S. (1939). Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Trematodes of birds. Japanese Journal of Zoology 8, 129–210.Google Scholar