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Fatal Theileria orientalis N2 genotype infection among Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in a commercial dairy farm in Kerala, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2015

KULANGARA VINODKUMAR ,
VARIKKOTTIL SHYMA ,
DAVIS KOLLANNUR JUSTIN ,
SIVASAILAM ASHOK ,
JOSEPH PARASSERY ANU ,
KATTILVEETIL MINI ,
VARIKKOTTIL MUHAMMEDKUTTY ,
SUCHITHRA SASIDHARAN  and
SUNANDA CHULLIPPARAMBIL
KULANGARA VINODKUMAR*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
VARIKKOTTIL SHYMA
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
DAVIS KOLLANNUR JUSTIN
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
SIVASAILAM ASHOK
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
JOSEPH PARASSERY ANU
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
KATTILVEETIL MINI
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
VARIKKOTTIL MUHAMMEDKUTTY
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
SUCHITHRA SASIDHARAN
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
SUNANDA CHULLIPPARAMBIL
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, 680651, India. E-mail: kvinodkuma@gmail.com
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Summary

Fifteen dairy buffaloes of a farm in the state of Kerala, India developed fatal oriental theileriosis within 2 months of their procurement. Typical piroplasms of Theileria orientalis were observed in the erythrocytes of all affected animals by Giemsa–Leishman staining of blood smears. Case fatality rate was 87·5% (seven out of eight) in the clinically progressed cases. Therapeutic management with anti-theilerial drugs buparvaquone and oxytetracycline led to recovery of seven other animals in less advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for increased virulence of this pathogen, hitherto considered to be benign. Acute haemolytic anaemia was the predominant haematological finding in the affected animals. Lymphocytic infiltration and degeneration of vital organs leading to functional derangement was the cause of the high mortality. Identification of T. orientalis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing of the PCR products revealed close identity with already reported sequences of T. orientalis/buffeli N2 genotype. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession number KM609973 and KM043772. Rhipicephalus ticks, previously not reported as vectors for oriental theileriosis, were identified as the potential vectors. This is the first report of fatal oriental theileriosis in Asian water buffaloes.

Keywords

Theileria orientalisAsian water buffaloesfatal outbreakpathologygenotype
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 143 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 69 - 74
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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