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Serum antibodies blocked by glycan antigens in canine visceral leishmaniasis serology are mostly IgA immune complexes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2021

Camila Aparecida de Carvalho Open the ORCID record for Camila Aparecida de Carvalho [Opens in a new window] ,
Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto ,
Luciana Regina Meireles  and
Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior Open the ORCID record for Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior [Opens in a new window]
Camila Aparecida de Carvalho*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Departamento de Patologia – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Parasitoses Sistêmicas – Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 355, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
Luciana Regina Meireles
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Departamento de Patologia – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Camila Aparecida de Carvalho, E-mail: camilacarvalho@usp.br, camilacidacarvalho@gmail.com
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Abstract

Immune complexes (ICs) are found in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and interfere with the serum detection of antibodies. Dissociation of these monovalent complexes by dissociative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) removes false-negative results and allows some characterization of antibodies and antigens. We studied the serology of dogs with suspected CVL in an endemic area, testing two Leishmania (Leishmania) [L. (L.)] <full form>infantum antigens. We analysed the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies specific to promastigote soluble extract (PSE) and low-molecular weight glycans (glycan–bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex – GBC) by conventional and dissociative ELISA. Our results showed a significant fraction of IgA ICs (46.5% for PSE and 47.6% for GBC), followed by IgG ICs (10% for PSE and 23.5% for GBC). IgM ICs were more frequent for PSE (22.7%). Hypergammaglobulinaemia in CVL would be related to the presence of IgA and IgG ICs, resulting in deficient elimination of these antibodies. Our data confirmed the presence of ICs that can generate false-negative results in conventional serology. The production of IgA antibodies and the high frequency of blockade by glycan antigens suggest the active participation of this immunoglobulin and its ICs in the immunopathology of CVL, indicating a new path for further research.

Keywords

Canine visceral leishmaniasisglycanIgAIgGIgMimmune complexes
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 12 , October 2021 , pp. 1509 - 1515
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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