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Ectoparasites and endoparasites of fish form networks with different structures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2015

S. BELLAY ,
E. F. DE OLIVEIRA ,
M. ALMEIDA-NETO ,
M. A. R. MELLO ,
R. M. TAKEMOTO  and
J. L. LUQUE
S. BELLAY*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Bloco G90, Sala 13, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
E. F. DE OLIVEIRA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
M. ALMEIDA-NETO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
M. A. R. MELLO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
R. M. TAKEMOTO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Bloco G90, Sala 13, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
J. L. LUQUE
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco G90, Sala 13, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. E-mail: sybellebellay@yahoo.com.br
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Summary

Hosts and parasites interact with each other in a variety of ways, and this diversity of interactions is reflected in the networks they form. To test for differences in interaction patterns of ecto- and endoparasites we analysed subnetworks formed by each kind of parasites and their host fish species in fish–parasite networks for 22 localities. We assessed the proportion of parasite species per host species, the relationship between parasite fauna composition and host taxonomy, connectance, nestedness and modularity of each subnetwork (n = 44). Furthermore, we evaluated the similarity in host species composition among modules in ecto- and endoparasite subnetworks. We found several differences between subnetworks of fish ecto- and endoparasites. The association with a higher number of host species observed among endoparasites resulted in higher connectance and nestedness, and lower values of modularity in their subnetworks than in those of ectoparasites. Taxonomically related host species tended to share ecto- or endoparasites with the same interaction intensity, but the species composition of hosts tended to differ between modules formed by ecto- and endoparasites. Our results suggest that different evolutionary and ecological processes are responsible for organizing the networks formed by ecto- and endoparasites and fish.

Keywords

host–parasite metazoan networksantagonistic networksconnectancenestednessmodularity
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 7 , June 2015 , pp. 901 - 909
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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