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Exploring the immunology of parasitism – from surface antigens to the hygiene hypothesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

R. M. MAIZELS
R. M. MAIZELS*
Affiliation:
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
*
*Tel: +44 131 650 5511. Fax: +44 131 650 5450. E-mail: rick.maizels@ed.ac.uk
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Summary

Helminth immunology is a field which has changed beyond recognition in the past 30 years, transformed not only by new technologies from cDNA cloning to flow cytometry, but also conceptually as our definition of host immune pathways has matured. The molecular revolution defined key nematode surface and secreted antigens, and identified candidate immunomodulators that are likely to underpin parasites' success in eluding immune attack. The immunological advances in defining cytokine networks, lymphocyte subsets and innate cell recognition have also made a huge impact on our understanding of helminth infections. Most recently, the ideas of regulatory immune cells, in particular the regulatory T cell, have again overturned older thinking, but also may explain immune hyporesponsiveness observed in chronic helminth diseases, as well as the link to reduced allergic reactions observed in human and animal infections. The review concludes with a forward look to where we may make future advances towards the final eradication of helminth diseases.

Keywords

helminthnematodecuticleimmunityallergypathology
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Special Issue 12: Special Centenary Issue – Parasitology 1908–2008 , October 2009 , pp. 1549 - 1564
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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References

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