Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T13:49:52.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The life cycle of Parvatrema homoeotecnum sp.nov.(Trematoda: Digenea) and a review of the family Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

B. L. James
B. L. James
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth*
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

1. Parvatrema homoeotecnum sp.nov. from the oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus occidentalis Neumann at Aberystwyth is described and compared with other species of the genus.

2. The life cycle of this species is unique. The larval stages occur in the gastropod, Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) subsp. tenebrosa (Montagu) and include germinal sacs which have a structure and development similar to an adult digenean. There are no free-living stages and only one intermediate host.

3. The significance of this unique life cycle is discussed.

4. The family Gymnophallidae Morozov, 1955, is reviewed. Emended definitions are given for the family, subfamilies and genera. Keys, diagnostic features and brief notes of the species are included.

I am very grateful to Dr Gwendolen Rees, who suggested the investigation which led to the discovery of this species, for her advice and indispensable assistance throughout the work and the preparation of this paper. I am also grateful to the late Professor T. A. Stephenson for his interest and for the provision of working facilities; to Mr W. A. Ballantine, Mr A. H. Clarke, Jr., Mr C. Curtis, Miss G. P. F. Evans, Dr V. Fretter, Professor L. A. Harvey, Mr D. H. Jones and Dr J. Lewis who sent me specimens of Littorina saxatilis; to Professor R. M. Cable and Emerit. Professor G. R. La Rue for helpful suggestions; to Mr J. R. Hirst and Mr D. Hemingway Jones for photographic and technical assistance and to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a grant which made the work possible.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , February 1964 , pp. 1 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1964

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Brinkmann, A. Jr (1956). Trematoda. Zool. Iceland, 2 (11), 1–34.Google Scholar
Brooks, F. G. (1930). Studies on the germ cell cycle of Trematodes. Amer. J. Hyg. 12, 299–340.Google Scholar
Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I. E. (1962). Fauna of U.S.S.R. Trematodes of Birds. An Ecological-Geographical Survey. (In Russian.) Moscow, Leningrad: Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R.Google Scholar
Cable, R. M. (1953). The life-cycle of Parvatrema borinqueñae gen. et sp.nov. (Trematoda: Digenea) and the systematic position of the Gymnophallinae. J. Parasit. 39, 408–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ching, H. L. (1960). Some digenetic trematodes of shore birds at Friday Harbour, Washington. Proc. helm. Soc. Wash. 27, 53–62.Google Scholar
Cort, W. W. (1944). The germ cell cycle in the digenetic trematodes. Quart. Rev. Biol. 19, 275–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cort, W. W. & Olivier, L. J. (1941). Early developmental stages of strigeid trematodes in the first intermediate host. J. Parasit. 27, 493–504.Google Scholar
Dawes, B. (1956). The Trematoda, 644 pp. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dollfus, R. Ph. (1925). See Fujita, T. (1925).Google Scholar
Fuhrmann, O. (1928). Zweite Klasse des Cladus Platyhelminthes: Trematoda. Hanb. Zool. (Kükenthal u. Krumbach), 2, 1–140.Google Scholar
Fujita, T. (1925). Études sur les parasites de l'huitre comestible du Japon, Ostrea gigas Thunberg. Traduction accompagnée de notes, de diagnosis et d'une bibliographie, par Robert-Ph. Dollfus. Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 3, 37–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, Peter (1954). The Microtomists Formulary and Guide. New York: Blakiston Comp. Inc.Google Scholar
Gresson, R. A. R. & Treadgold, L. T. (1959). A light and electron microscope study of the epithelial cells of the gut of Fasciola hepatica L. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 6, 159–62.Google Scholar
Isaitchikow, I. M. (1924). Des variations individuelles chez Gymnophallus choledochus (Odhner, 1900). C.R. Soc. Biol., Paris, 91, 1187–9.Google Scholar
Jameson, H. L. (1902). On the origin of pearls. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1, 140–66.Google Scholar
Jameson, H. L. & Nicoll, W. (1913). On some parasites of the scoter duck (Oedemia nigra), and their relation to the pearl-inducing trematode in the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1, 53–63.Google Scholar
Jennings, A. R. & Soulsby, E. R. L. (1957). Diseases of wild birds, fourth report. Bird Study, 4, 216–20.Google Scholar
Joyeux, Ch. & Baer, J. G. (1961). Classe des Trématodes. Traité Zool. 4, 561–692.Google Scholar
Komiya, Y. (1938). Die Entwicklung des Exkretions systems einiger Trematodenlarven aus Alster und Elbe, nebst Bemerkungen über ihren Entwicklungszyklus. Z. Parasitenk., Berl., 10, 340–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebour, M. V. (1908). Trematodes of the Northumberland coast, no. 2. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumb., N.S., 2, 28–45.Google Scholar
Levinsen, G. M. R. (1881). Bidrag til Kundskabom Grønlands Trematofauna. Overs. danske, Vidensk. Selsk. Forh., 1, 52–84.Google Scholar
Le Zotte, L. A. Jr (1954). Studies on marine digenetic trematodes of Puerto Rico: The family Bivesculidae; its biology and affinities. J. Parasit. 40, 148–62.Google Scholar
Li, F.-P. & Yang, F.-H. (1945). A medium for mounting parasitic helminths. Nature, Lond., 156, 3958, 297–8.Google Scholar
Linton, E. (1928). Notes on Trematode parasites of birds. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Wash., 73, 1–36.Google Scholar
Lühe, M. F. L. (1898). Beiträge zur Helminthfauna der Berberei Vorläufige Mittheilung ueber Ergebnisse einer mit Unterstützung der Königlichen Akademie der wissenschaften im Jahre 1898 ausgeführten Forschung sueise. S.B. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 40, 619–28.Google Scholar
Markowski, S. (1936). Über die Trematodenfauna der baltischen Mollusken aus der Umgebung der Halbinsel Hel. Bull. int. Acad. Cracovie (Acad. pol. Sci.), 11, 287–317.Google Scholar
Miller, H. M. (1926). Behavior studies on Tortugas larval trematodes, with notes on the morphology of two additional species. Yearb. Carneg. Inst. Wash. 25, 243–7.Google Scholar
Morozov, F. N. (1955). Heterophyata Morozov, 1955. In Skrjabin, K. I. Trematodes of Animals and Man. Principles of Trematodology, 10, 241–335. (In Russian.) Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. Moscow.Google Scholar
Nicoll, W. (1907). Observations on the trematode parasites of British birds. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7), 20, 245–71.Google Scholar
Odhner, T. (1900). Gymnophallus, eine neue Gattung von Vogeldistomen. Zbl. Bakt. (Abt. 1), 28, 12–23.Google Scholar
Odhner, T. (1905). Die Trematoden des arktischen Gebietes. (In Römer u. Schaudinn.) Fauna Arctica, Jena, 4, 291–372.Google Scholar
Olsson, P. (1893). Bidrag till skandinaviens helminthfauna. 2. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.—Akad. Handl. Stockh., 25, 41 pp.Google Scholar
Pearse, A. G. E. (1960). Histochemistry, Theoretical and Applied, 2nd ed., 998 pp. London: J. A. Churchill, Ltd.Google Scholar
Rees, F. G. (1934). Cercaria patellae Lebour, 1911 and its effects on the digestive gland and gonads of Patella vulgata. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1, 45–53.Google Scholar
Rees, F. G. (1939). Cercaria strigata Lebour from Cardium edule and Tellina tenuis. Parasitology, 31, 458–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, W. J. (1936). The effects of parasitism by larval trematodes on the tissues of Littorina littorea (Linné). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (2), 357–68.Google Scholar
Reish, D. J. (1950). New host and distribution records for two Trematodes from the Western gull. J. Parasit. 36, 84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinitsin, D. F. (1911). Parthenogenetic generation of Trematodes and its progeny in molluscs of the Black Sea. (English translation of Russian text by A. M. Bagusin under direction of H. B. Ward, presented to the British Museum, Natural History by M. Rothschild.) Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. (Cl. Phys.-Math.), 8 ser. 30, 127 pp.Google Scholar
Stossich, M. (1899). Lo smembramento dei Brachycoelium. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat., Trieste, 19, 7–10.Google Scholar
Stunkard, H. W. & Uzmann, J. R. (1958). Studies on digenetic Trematodes of the genera Gymnophallus and Parvatrema. Biol. Bull., Woods Hole, 115, 276–302.Google Scholar
Uzmann, J. R. (1952). Cercaria myae sp.nov., a fork-tailed larva from the marine bivalve, Mya arenaria. J. Parasit. 38, 161–4.Google Scholar
Williams, I. C. (1961). A list of parasitic worms, including twenty-five new host records, from British birds. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 13), 4, 467–80.Google Scholar
Yamaguti, S. (1939). Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 25. Trematodes of birds. IV. Japan J. Zool. 8, 129–210.Google Scholar
Yamaguti, S. (1958). The digenetic trematodes of vertebrates. Systema Helminthum, Vol. 1, pts. 1 and 2, 1575 pp. London and New York: Inter-science Publications.Google Scholar
Cobbold, T. S. (1859). On some new forms of Entozoa. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), 22, 363–6.Google Scholar
Cole, H. A. (1938). On some larval trematode parasites of the mussel (Mytilis edulis) and the cockle (Cardium edule). Part 2. A new larval Gymnophallus (Cercaria cambrensis sp.nov.) from the cockle (Cardium edule). Parasitology, 30, 40–3.Google Scholar
Fischer-Piette, E., Gaillard, J.-M. & James, B. L. (1963 a). Études sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis. V. Sur des cas de variabilité extreme. Cah. Biol. Marine, 4, 1–22.Google Scholar
Fischer-Piette, E., Gaillard, J.-M. & James, B. L. (1963 b). Études sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis. VI. Quelques cas qui posent de difficiles problèmes. Cah. Biol. Marine, 4 (in the Press).Google Scholar
James, B. L. (1963). Subspecies of Littorina saxatilis around Dale. In Moyse, J. & Nelson-Smith, A. Zonation of animals and plants on rocky shores around Dale, Pembrokeshire. Field Studies, 1 (No. 5), 1–31.Google Scholar