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Philosophy of Psychotherapy
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 March 2022
Extract
In our times of social eruptions not only the hierarchies of life but also those of coralled knowledge have become floating and therefore, papers presenting ideas of a certain generality must become accustomed to forsaking the habit of defining at the start the basic concepts. Renouncing a definition of the Webster type we will start with a very provisional definition of psychotherapy, hopeful that once more it might prove true that lifting one's eyes to the general will be more fruitful, if it is preceded by a stage of intimate knowledge of the particulars. Moreover, it is hoped that from such at the same time intimate and “philosophical” knowledge of one particular field a wholesome criticism, nay enriching effect might arise. It is the problems of detail that in our times have definitely turned to philosophy and it is these same problems which philosophy should delve into in its own interest.
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- Copyright © The Philosophy of Science Association 1946
References
Notes
1 See Rudolph Hermann Lotze, Medizinische Psychologie, Leipzig, 1852; G. C. Robinson, The Patient as a Person, N. Y. 1939, Oswald Schwarz, Medizinische Anthropologie, 1929. In these books there is a development reflected from the older type of a psychopathology of isolated emotions, perceptions, urges, movements, etc. (Lotze) to a psychopathology of the personality which is characteristic of our time.
2 Cf. convictions of universality among the Greek philosophers: “Zamolxis our king says that as you ought not to attempt to cure the eyes without the head … so neither ought you to attempt to cure the body without the soul. For this, he says, is the great error of our day in the treatment of the human body that physicians separate the soul from the body.”—Plato: Charmides or Temperance. Translated by B. Jowett, Tudor Publishing Co., New York, Vol. 4, p. 12.
3 Wilhelm Dilthey, Weltanschauung und Analyse des Menschen seit Renaissance und Reformation, Leipzig, Berlin 1914; Dr. Julius Stenzel, Dilthey und die Deutsche Philosophie der Gegenwart, Phil. Vortraege der Kantgesellschaft, No. 33, 1934; Ludwig Stein, Historical Optimism, Wilhelm Dilthey, Philosophical Review, vol. 33, p. 329–344.
4 Ed. Spranger, Lebensformen, 3rd edition, 1922, p. 17.
5 Einleitung zu Prinzipien der Mechanik, Vol. 2 of Veroeffentlichungen der Philosophischen Gesellschaft and der Universitaet zu Wien, Leipzig, 1899, Verlag E. M. Pfeffer p. 123 ff.
6 Philosophical Morsels quoted from the German edition Gesammelte Werke, Jena, Diederichs, Band 6 (Philosophische Brocken, first published in Kopenhagen 1844).
7 Eduard Spranger, Psychologie des Jugendalters, Leipzig, Quelle & Meyer, 1924.
7a Lebensformen, Geisteswissenschaftliche Psychologie und Ethik der Persoenlichkeit, Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1921.
8 To this antinomy see Heinrich Rickert, Philosophy of Life, Tuebingen, I. C. B. Mohr, 1920.
9 Edmund Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen, erster Band, Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1913, and the same, zweiter Band, erster Teil, Untersuchungen zur Phaenomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis, Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1913. See also Husserl, Festschrift Kantstudien, Berlin, Pan-Verlag Kurt Metzner, Vol. 35, 1930 2/3.
10 See William Stern, Differential Psychology, Leipzig, 1911; Nachwort, 1921, with new bibliography.
11 Spranger, Jugendpsychologie.
11a Otto Selz, Ueber die Persoenlichkeits typen und die Methoden ihrer Bestimmung, Bericht ueber den 8. Kongress f. experimentelle Psychologie in Leipzig, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1924.
12 cf. Georg Simmel, Lebensanschauung, vier metaphysische Kapitel Munich, Leipzig, 1918, p. 160.
12a See footnote #17.
12b The fictitious aim of the individual neurotic is, of course, not identical with the non-fictitious aim of the individual ontogenetic development as anticipated by the observer, see above, p. 207.
13 Hans Vaihinger, Die Philosophie des Als Ob, 5. und 6. Auflage, Leipzig, Felix Meiner, 1920.
14 Ernst Kretschmer, Medizinische Psychologie, 3d edition, Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1926 p. 8.
15 Karl Jaspers, Allgemeine Psychopathologie, 3d edition, Berlin, Springer, 1923.
16 Mehrleben Nietzsche, Mehr-als-Leben, Georg Simmel.
17 cf. W. Eliasberg Types and Theory, Pathologische Haltungen im Wirtschaftsleben, Band 139, 3. und 4. Heft Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932.
18 cf. W. Eliasberg Therapie der Unfallneurose in Walter Riese, Die Unfallneurose als Problem der Gegenwartsmedizin, Stuttgart-Leipzig-Zuerich, Hippokrates Verlag, 1929.
19 Sociologie, Berlin 1908, p. 1.
20 The following table is abbreviated from W. Eliasberg, The Challenge of Social Neuroses, J. of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 94, No. 6, Dec. 1941.
21 About values in the social sciences see Max Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Tuebingen 1922, E. C. B. Mohr. The same Ueber einige Kategorien der Verstehenden Sociologie Logos, Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 253–294.
Also Robert S. Lynd, Knowledge for What? Princeton Univ. Press, 1939, p. 180 ff.
22 For an explanation of these terms, see W. Eliasberg Psychiatry and Propaganda, J. of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 101, No. 3, March, 1945, p. 225–241, espec. p. 230, Outlines of a Sociological Theory of Propaganda.
23 D. Spearman, Modern Dictatorship, New York, Macmillan, 1943.
23a For a good example see the double meaning of the challenge of dependency, table 1, D2; Socialization of the means of production is abstract; chafing under the subjective, rub-elbow character of dependence, of taking orders, is tangible.
24 Table abbreviated W. Eliasberg from: Clinical Psychotherapy A Survey of Psychotherapeutic Methods, Indications, and Cures (to appear shortly).
25 W. Eliasberg, Das Milieu und die Psychotherapie, Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Band 137; and the same The Challenge of the Social Neuroses, already quoted.