In his [1], David Berlinski explores, among other things, both what could be called a “sophisticated” and a “basic” analogy between languages and the genetic code. The basic analogy stems from the observation that the relationship between English and “Morse” appears to be formally similar to the relationship between DNA and protein. That is, just as sentences of the English language can be encoded into Morse, sequences of bases within strands of DNA are “transcribed” into polypeptides. (See Table 1.) To some, this “basic” analogy

(NB: There is no isomorphism between B″ and P′ since some codons do not code for amino acids; these codons appear to act as signals, e.g. for terminating polypeptide chains. Also note that the code is degenerate and thus G is not an embedding.)