Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T03:37:42.524Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic diversification of local onion populations under different production systems in Uruguay

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2014

Eliana Monteverde ,
Guillermo A. Galván  and
Pablo Speranza
Eliana Monteverde
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Evolution and Domestication, Department of Plant Biology, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. E. Garzón 780 CP12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
Guillermo A. Galván
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Production, Centro Regional Sur (CRS), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Camino Folle km 36, Progreso, Uruguay
Pablo Speranza*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Evolution and Domestication, Department of Plant Biology, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. E. Garzón 780 CP12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: pasp@fagro.edu.uy
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In Uruguay, onion (Allium cepa L.) germplasm is mainly derived from the genetic material introduced by several waves of European immigrants and subsequently multiplied by household farmers, resulting in a wealth of locally adapted populations. This study examined the genetic diversity in a collection of 27 local onion populations and two cultivars derived from them. A total of 843 onion plants were fingerprinted, and 83 inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphic bands were generated. Analysis of molecular variance showed high diversity within the populations (66% of the total variation). Some short-day populations from different geographical origins were grouped together by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages, principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis, while the more extensively sampled long- and intermediate-day populations showed a widespread distribution, with no significant subgrouping among them. This weakly structured gene pool is probably the consequence of seed and bulb exchange between farmers and natural inter-pollination. Nevertheless, a Bayesian analysis allowed the distinction of four genetic backgrounds of alleles in the whole collection, and populations were predominately assigned to each genetic background. In addition, mitochondrial variants determining normal (N) pollen fertility or the sterile S or T types were analysed for the same set of plants using specific primers. Most accessions showed a proportion of male-sterile individuals. Cytoplasm type T was the most represented (26 out of 29 accessions), and cytoplasm type S was found in a low proportion of individuals in seven populations. Uruguayan onion germplasm maintains a low degree of genetic differentiation despite the small cultivated area and intense seed exchange, probably due in part to different market purposes based on the growing cycle.

Keywords

Allium cepafarmer practicesgenetic structureISSRlandracesseed exchange
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , November 2015 , pp. 238 - 246
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldwin, S, Pither-Joyce, M, Wright, K, Chen, L and McCallum, J (2012) Development of robust genomic simple sequence repeat markers for estimation of genetic diversity within and among bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) populations. Molecular Breeding 30: 1401–1411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bark, OH and Havey, MJ (1995) Similarities and relationships among populations of the bulb onion as estimated by nuclear RFLPs. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90: 407–414.Google Scholar
Berninger, E (1965) Contribution à l'étude de la sterilité mâle de l'oignon (Allium cepa L.). Annales de l'Amélioration des Plantes 15: 183–199.Google Scholar
Blair, MW, Díaz, LM, Buendía, HF and Duque, MC (2009) Genetic diversity, seed size associations and population structure of a core collection of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119: 955–972.Google Scholar
Bornet, B and Branchard, M (2001) Nonanchored inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: reproducible and specific tools for genome fingerprinting. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 19: 209–215.Google Scholar
Bradeen, JM and Havey, MJ (1995) Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA in bulb onion and its use to assess inbred integrity. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120: 752–758.Google Scholar
Brewster, JL (2008) Onions and Other Vegetable Alliums, 2nd edn. CAB International. Wallingford, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Brown, AHD (1978) Isozymes, plant population genetics structure and genetic conservation. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 52: 145–157.Google Scholar
Chaurasia, A and Adsul, G (2009) Diversity in Indian and some exotic onion cultivars as revealed by genomic and mitochondrial DNA. International Symposium of Molecular Markers in Horticulture 859: 207–220.Google Scholar
Clarke, AE, Jones, HA and Little, TM (1944) Inheritance of bulb color in the onion. Genetics 29: 569–575.Google Scholar
Cramer, CS and Havey, MJ (1999) Morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers in onion. HortScience 34: 589–593.Google Scholar
Doyle, JJ and Doyle, JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.Google Scholar
Felsestein, J (2005) PHYLIP (Phylogenetic Inference Package) Version 3.6. Seattle: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Galván, G and Sollier, S (1994) Ocurrencia de androesterilidad en cebollas de Uruguay. Congreso Nacional de Horticultura, 5to (resúmenes). Sociedad Uruguaya de Hortifruticultura. Montevideo, pp. 25.Google Scholar
Galván, G, González Idiarte, H and Sollier, S (1997) Productive adaptation of onion (Allium cepa L.) landraces used for post-harvest storage. Acta Horticulturae 433: 165–170.Google Scholar
Galván, G, González, H and Vilaró, F (2005) Estado actual de la investigación en poblaciones locales de hortalizas en Uruguay y su utilización en el mejoramiento. Agrociencia 9: 115–122.Google Scholar
González, PH, Colnago, P, Peluffo, S, González Idiarte, H, Zipítría, J and Galván, GA (2011) Quantitative studies on downy mildew (Peronospora destructor Berk. Casp.) affecting onion seed production in southern Uruguay. European Journal of Plant Pathology 129: 303–314.Google Scholar
González Idiarte, H and Vilaró, F (1999) Colecta, caracterización y evaluación de variedades locales de cebolla de Uruguay. In: Dialogo LV-Avances de Investigación en Recursos Genéticos en el Cono Sur. Montevideo, Uruguay: PROCISUR. IICA, pp. 59–61.Google Scholar
Hamrick, JL and Godt, MJW (1997) Allozyme diversity in cultivated crops. Crop Science 37: 26–30.Google Scholar
Havey, MJ (2002) Genome organization. In: Rabinowitch, HD and Currah, L (eds) Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp. 59–79.Google Scholar
Jones, HA and Emsweller, SL (1936) A male-sterile onion. Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science 34: 582–585.Google Scholar
Jones, HA and Clarke, AE (1943) Inheritance of male sterility in the onion and the production of hybrid seed. Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science 43: 189–194.Google Scholar
Khar, A, Jakse, J and Havey, MJ (2008) Segregation for onion bulb colors reveal that red is controlled by at least three loci. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133: 42–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S, Lee, ET, Cho, DY, Han, T, Bang, H, Patil, BS, Ahn, YK and Yoon, MK (2009) Identification of a novel chimeric gene, orf725, and its use in development of a molecular marker for distinguishing among three cytoplasm types in onion (Allium cepa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 118: 433–441.Google Scholar
Kutty, MS, Gowda, RV and Anand, L (2006) Analysis of genetic diversity among Indian short-day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars using RAPD markers. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 81: 774–778.Google Scholar
Leite, DL and Anthonisen, D (2009) Caracterização molecular de cultivares de cebola por marcadores RAPD. Horticultura Brasileira 27: 420–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leite, DL, Galmarini, CR and Havey, MJ (1999) Cytoplasms of elite open-pollinated onions from Argentina and Brazil. Allium Improvement Newsletter 9: 1–4.Google Scholar
Leite, DL, Anthonisen, D, Fernandes, CA and Rodrigues, V (2006) Caracterização molecular citoplasmática em cebola nas cultivares Bola Precoce e Crioula. In: 46 Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, Goiânia. Horticultura Brasileira 24: 1484–1487.Google Scholar
Mallor, C, Arnedo-Andrés, MS and Garcés-Claver, A (2014) Assessing the genetic diversity of Spanish Allium cepa landraces for onion breeding using microsatellite markers. Scientia Horticulturae 170: 24–31.Google Scholar
Parzies, HK, Spoor, W and Ennos, RA (2004) Inferring seed exchange between farmers from population genetic structure of barley landrace Arabi Aswad from Northern Syria. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51: 471–478.Google Scholar
Peakall, R and Smouse, PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 288–295.Google Scholar
Pritchard, JK, Stephens, M and Donnelly, P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945–959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pusadee, T, Jamjod, S, Chiang, YC, Rerkasem, B and Schaal, BA (2009) Genetic structure and isolation by distance in a landrace of Thai rice. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science 106: 13880–13885.Google Scholar
Rabbi, IY, Geiger, HH, Haussmann, BIG, Kiambi, D, Folkertsma, R and Parzies, HK (2010) Impact of farmers' practices and seed systems on the genetic structure of common sorghum varieties in Kenya and Sudan. Plant Genetic Resources 8: 116–126.Google Scholar
Reddy, L, Chinnappareddy, D and Khandagale, K (2013) Molecular markers in the improvement of Allium crops. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 49: 131–139.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, NA (2004) DISTRUCT: a program for the graphical display of population structure. Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 137–138.Google Scholar
Shigyo, M and Kik, C (2008) Onion. In: Prohens, J and Nuez, F (eds) Handbook of Plant Breeding, Vegetables, vol 2. New York: Springer, pp. 121–159.Google Scholar
Smolik, M, Rzepka-Plevneš, D, Kowalczys, K and Grabiec, M (2007) Study of the onion species by ISSR-PCR analysis. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Biotech 6: 13–21.Google Scholar
Tang, N, Shahin, A, Bijman, P, Liu, J, van Tuyl, J and Arens, P (2013) Genetic diversity and structure in a collection of tulip cultivars assessed by SNP markers. Scientia Horticulturae 161: 286–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A, Massiah, AJ and Thomas, B (2010) Conservation of Arabidopsis thaliana photoperiodic flowering time genes in onion (Allium cepa L.). Plant Cell Physiology 51: 1638–1647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vicente, CE, Vilaró, F, Rodríguez, G, Galván, G, González, H, Spina, W, Reggio, A, Ibáñez, F, Pereira, G and González, M (2010) Cultivares de cebolla obtenidos por el mejoramiento genético nacional. Revista INIA Uruguay 22: 29–32.Google Scholar
Vicente, CE, Rodríguez, G, González, M, Vilaró, F, Reggio, A and Ghelfi, B (2013) Nuevos cultivares de cebolla, oportunidades para ofrecer calidad durante todo el año. Revista INIA Uruguay 35: 46–48.Google Scholar
vom Brocke, K, Christinck, A, Weltzien, R, Presterl, T and Geiger, H (2003) Farmers' seed systems and management practices determine pearl millet genetic diversity patterns in semiarid regions of India. Crop Science 43: 1680–1689.Google Scholar
Zeven, AC (1998) Landraces: a review of definitions and classifications. Euphytica 104: 127–139.Google Scholar