Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-31T02:45:31.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

In-vitro induced drought and heat stress on seed germination of diverse African sorghum germplasm

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2024

Elton Ndlovu ,
Mcebisi Maphosa  and
Johannes Van Staden Open the ORCID record for Johannes Van Staden [Opens in a new window]
Elton Ndlovu
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Lupane State University, Lupane, Zimbabwe
Mcebisi Maphosa
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Lupane State University, Lupane, Zimbabwe
Johannes Van Staden*
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
*
Corresponding author: Johannes Van Staden; Email: rcpgd@ukzn.ac.za
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

One of the critical growth and development stages that is vulnerable to drought and heat stress even in hardy staple crops is germination. Sorghum is a critically essential, resilient, and diverse crop that displays genotypic variations in its ability to withstand such harsh conditions, limiting crop stand and ultimately leading to yield losses. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of 50 high potential genotypes of African sorghum, including landraces, breeding lines and check varieties to simulated drought and heat stress at germination stage. The study used a split plot arrangement for temperature treatments, laid in a completely randomized design with three replications. Final germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index and coefficient variation of germination time (CVt) were determined. Data was subjected to generalized linear model, principal component analysis, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis to determine statistical differences in genotypes and visualize groups of genotypes according to their overall performance in assessed germination parameters. Drought stress and supra-optimal temperatures suppressed and delayed germination. The genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters based on their performance. Genotypes NPGRC1593, NPGRC1782, NPGRC1476 and IS224426 performed exceptionally well under both stressors and outperformed check varieties in almost all parameters assessed. To improve crop establishment and increase agricultural yields, breeding and crop improvement programs should focus on genotypes that can withstand both stresses.

Keywords

drought stressgenotypesgermination indexheat stresspolyethylene glycol
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , First View , pp. 1 - 7
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of National Institute of Agricultural Botany

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abreha, KB, Enyew, M, Carlsson, AS, Vetukuri, RR, Feyissa, T, Motlhaodi, T, Ng'uni, D and Geleta, M (2022) Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress. Planta 255, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03799-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adamcik, J, Tomaseck, J, Pulkrabek, J, Pazderu, K and Dvorak, P (2016) Stimulation sorghum seed leading to enlargement of optimum conditions during germination and emergence. Plant Soil Environment 62, 547–551. doi: 10.17221/556/2016-PSECrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmad, S, Ahmad, R, Ashraf, MY, Ashraf, M and Waraich, EA (2009) Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41, 647–654.Google Scholar
Bayu, W, Rethman, NF, Hammes, PS, Pieterse, PA, Grimbeek, J and Van der Linde, M (2005) Water stress affects the germination, emergence and growth of different sorghum cultivars. Ethiopian Journal of Science 28, 119–128.Google Scholar
Bheemanahalli, R, Ramamoorthy, P, Poudel, S, Samiappan, S, Wijewardane, N and Reddy, KR (2022) Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield, and leaf reflectance properties in maize. Plant Direct 6, 434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bobade, PN, Amarshettivar, SB, Rathod, TH, Ghorade, RB and Kayande, NV (2019) Effect of polyethylene glycol induced water stress on germination and seedling development of rabi sorghum genotypes. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8, 852–856.Google Scholar
Dehnavi, AR, Zahedi, M, Agnieszka, L, Cardenas, PS and Piernik, A (2020) Effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling development of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes. Agronomy 10, 859. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060859CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahad, S, Bajwa, AA, Nazir, U, Anjum, SA, Farooq, A (2017) Crop production under drought and heat stress: plant responses and management options. Frontiers in Plant Sciece 8, 1147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01147CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foti, S, Cosentino, SL, Patane, CD and Agosta, GM (2002) Effects of osmoconditioning upon seed germination of soghurm (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) under low temperatures. Seed Science Technology 30, 521–533.Google Scholar
Geilbyo, G, Toth, E, Farkas, C, Horel, A, Kasi, I and Bakacsi, Z (2018) Potential impacts of climate change on soil properties. Agrochemistry and Soil Science 67, 121–141. doi: 10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.9Google Scholar
Govindaraj, M, Djanaguiraman, M, Djalovic, I, Shailani, A, Rawat, N, Singla-Pareek, S and Prasad, P (2021) Drought and high temperature stress in sorghum: physiological, genetic and molecular insights, and breeding approaches. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, 9826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189826Google Scholar
Kader, M (2005) A comparison of seed germination calculation formulae and the associated interpretation of resulting data. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 138, 65–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapoor, D, Savita, B, Marco, L, Sharma, A, Mathusany, R and Sharma, A (2020) The impact of drought in plant metabolism: how to exploit tolerance mechanisms to increase crop production. Applied Sciences 10, 5692. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165692CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khaeim, H, Kende, Z, Jolánkai, M, Kovács, GP, Gyuricza, C and Tarnawa, Á (2022) Impact of temperature and water on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy 12, 397. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020397CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasenky, J and Jonak, C (2012) Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks. Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 1593–1608. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err460CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masetto, T, Oba, G and Jesus, M (2017) Germination of sweet sorghum seeds in different water potentials. American Journal of Plant Sciences 8, 3062–3072. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.812206Google Scholar
Mingli, L, Meng, L, Kaichang, L and Na, S (2015) Effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different maize varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science 7, 231. http://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n5p231Google Scholar
Moyo, R, Ndlovu, E, Moyo, N, Kudita, S and Maphosa, M (2015) Physiological parameters of seed vigour in ex situ stored sorghum germplasm. Journal of Cereals and Oil Seeds 6, 31–38. http://doi.org/10.5897/JCO15Google Scholar
Nciizah, T, Nciizah, E, Mubekaphi, C and Nciizah, AD (2021) Role of small grains in adapting to climate change: Zvishabane District, Zimbabwe. In Oguge, N, Ayal, D, Adeleke, L and da Silva, I (eds), African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Charm: Springer, pp. 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ndlovu, E, Staden, J and Maphosa, M (2021) Morpho-physiological effects of moisture, heat and combined stresses on Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)] and its acclimation mechanisms. Plant Stress 2, 100018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2021.100018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyoni, N, Ndlovu, E and Maphosa, M (2020) Effect of priming regimes on seed germination of field crops. African Crop Science Journal 28, 169–176. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i2.3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patane, C, Saita, A and Tubeileh, A (2012) Seedling emergence response to early sowings in unprimed and osmoprimed seeds of fiber sorghums for energy biomass under semi-arid climate. Italian Journal of Agronomy 7, 214–220. doi: 10.4081/ija.2012.e30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phiri, K, Nhliziyo, M, Madzivire, SI, Sithole, M and Nyathi, D (2020) Understanding climate smart agriculture and the resilience of smallholder farmers in Umguza district, Zimbabwe,. (R. Robert, Ed.). Cogent Social Sciences 7, 1970425. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1970425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Queiroz, MS, Oliveira, CES, Steiner, F, Zuffo, AM, Zoz, T, Vendruscolo, EP, Silva, MV, Mello, BFFR, Cabral, RC and Menis, FT (2019) Drought stresses on seed germination and early growth of maize and sorghum. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, 310–318. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p310Google Scholar
Shahriari, S, Ali Adam, BP, Ghizan, S, Addul, RA and Ali Adam, BP (2014) Germination at low osmotic potential as a selection criteria for drought stress tolerance in sweet corn. African Journal of Biotechnology 13, 294–300. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3435CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsago, W, Andargie, M and Takele, A (2014) In vitro selection of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress. Plant Science Today 1, 62–68. http://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2014.1.2.14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wen, B (2015) Effects of high temperature and water stress on seed germination of the invasive species Mexican sunflower. PLoS ONE 10, e0141567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141567CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Ndlovu et al. supplementary material

Ndlovu et al. supplementary material
Download Ndlovu et al. supplementary material(File)
File 15.8 KB