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Morphological characterization and genotypic identity of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst ex. A. Rich. Harms) germplasm from diverse ecological zones

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2021

Ndenum Suzzy Shitta Open the ORCID record for Ndenum Suzzy Shitta [Opens in a new window] ,
Wosene Gebresalassie Abtew ,
Noel Ndlovu ,
Happiness O. Oselebe ,
Alex Chukwudi Edemodu Open the ORCID record for Alex Chukwudi Edemodu [Opens in a new window]  and
Abush Tesfaye Abebe
Ndenum Suzzy Shitta*
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Wosene Gebresalassie Abtew
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Noel Ndlovu
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Happiness O. Oselebe
Affiliation:
Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Alex Chukwudi Edemodu
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
Abush Tesfaye Abebe
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: suzzynde@yahoo.com
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Abstract

African yam bean (AYB) is an affordable protein source capable of diversifying the food base in sub-Saharan Africa. However, research efforts made towards the crop's improvement and in expanding production are limited. This study characterized 169 AYB accessions at Jimma, Ethiopia, using 31 phenotypic characters. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) differences for days to 50% flowering, days to first flowering, leaf area, number of seeds per pod, pod length, seed thickness, total seed weight, petiole length and significant (P < 0.05) difference for terminal leaf length. Accession TSs62B produced the highest number of seeds per pod (17.65) and recorded the highest 100 seed weight (25.30 g), while 3A was the earliest to flower at an average of 84.50 d. Principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative traits attributed 77.6% of observed variations to the first five principal components, of which the first two PC axes accounted for 53.6% of total variations. Cluster analysis and PCA biplot distinctly grouped the accessions into two major groups, cluster I had the highest number of accessions (108). The analytical approaches used confirmed considerable diversity across the germplasm with a distance matrix ranging from 0.37 to 0.85. The extent of diversity reflected in the current study provides breeders the baseline information to design breeding strategies, which might help identify materials for release as variety or parental lines for hybridization programmes.

Keywords

accessionsclusterdiversityPCAunderutilized
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 58 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of NIAB

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