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III.—Le Cercle D'amour
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
Extract
Some twenty years ago M. Émile Picot had occasion to edit a group of sixteenth century French moralities, two of which were signed by the device “Rien sans l'Esprit.” He discovered that this curious pseudonym veiled a certain Pierre Duval, a poet of Rouen. On following up his researches, the learned Paris scholar found that Duval was the centre of a little group of poets who produced several modest volumes of verse during the last decade of the reign of Francis I.
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References
page 33 note 1 V. Émile Picot: Théâtre Mystique de Pierre Duval, Paris, 1882, p. 43.
page 33 note 2 Ibid., p. 13.
page 33 note 3 Ibid., p. 19.
page 34 note 1 Ibid., p. 40, note 1.
page 34 note 2 Le Cercle d'Amour, published by Jehan Petit, Paris, 1544.
page 34 note 3 Attention has recently been drawn to Platonism by Professor J. B. Fletcher of Harvard, in an article in the April-June, 1903, number of the Journal of Comparative Literature, on Précieuses at the Court of Charles I. Mr. J. S. Harrison has lately published Platonism in English Poetry, New York, 1903.
page 35 note 1 V. Abel Lefranc: Le Platonisme el la Littérature en France à l'Époque de la Renaissance: Rev. d'Hist. Litt. de la France, 1896, p. 25.
page 36 note 1 Pietro Bembo: Opere, 12 vols., Milan, 1808, vol. i, Asolani, p. 262.
page 36 note 2 Jowett: Dialogues of Plato, 5 vols., London, 1892, vol. i, Symposium, 210.
page 36 note 3 Ibid., vol. i, Introduction to Symposium, p. 534.
page 36 note 4 Les Ennéades de Plotin, Ennead iii, Book v. (Translation of M. N. Bouillet, 3 vols., Paris, 1859, vol. ii, pp. 105 ff.)
page 37 note 1 Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 106 ff.
page 37 note 2 Enneads i vi, (Bouillet, vol. i, pp. 111 ff.).
page 37 note 3 V. Philip Schaff, Rise and Progress of Mariolatry, in Contemporary Review, April, 1867.
page 38 note 1 Ibid.
page 39 note 1 Haag: Histoire des Dogmes, Paris, 1862, p. 431.
page 39 note 2 Andreas Capellanus, ed. Trojel, Havniae, 1892, pp. 106 and 310 ff.; cf. also W. A. Neilson, Court of Love, Boston, 1899, p. 176 ff.
page 39 note 3 Diez: Leben und Werke der Troubadours, Leipsic, 1882, p. 79.
page 40 note 1 Chrétien de Troyes, Chevalier de la Charette, ed. P. Tarbé, Paris, 1849, ll. 5655 ff.
page 40 note 2 V. L. F. Mott: System of Courtly Love, Boston, 1896, pp. 41–42.
page 40 note 3 V. Chretien de Troyes: Chevalier de la Charette, l. 4652; cf. also Mott, System of Courtly Love, p. 117. The opposite of this, the application of amorous language to the Virgin, is common in the Renaissance. Cf. Margaret of Navarre, Marguerites, ed. Frank, 4 vols., Paris, 1873, poem Comédie du Désert, vol. II, p. 188.
page 40 note 4 Cf. Mott: System of Courtly Love, pp. 142 ff.
page 41 note 1 J. R. Smith: Boccaccio's Life of Dante, New York, 1901, p. 20.
page 41 note 2 C. E. Norton, New Life of Dante Alighieri, Boston, 1902, Chap. xxix.
page 41 note 3 V. Le Rime, ed. Carducci, Florence, 1899, Sestina xxii, ll. 31 ff.; Sonnet lvi, Sonnet lxxviii, etc.
page 42 note 1 Ibid: cf. Sonnet clv, etc.
page 42 note 2 Ibid: cf. Sonnets cclxxxix, ccxc, cccvi, etc.
page 42 note 3 This may be consulted in Ficino's works published at Frankfort in 1602: v. pp. 1137–1173.
page 42 note 4 Ibid., vii, i.
page 43 note 1 Ficino, ed. Creuzer, Oxford, 3 vols., 1833, vol. i, p. 522. The Altercazione, a poem by Lorenzo, is a dialogue between Ficino and himself on the subject of love.
page 43 note 2 The Canzone and Commentary are both printed in Benivieni's Opere, Venice, 1522.
page 43 note 3 Ibid.: Chap. xiv.
page 43 note 4 Ibid.: cf. Chaps, viii and xiv.
page 44 note 1 A recent, though not very satisfactory, discussion of the question of Renaissance feminism is Maulde La Clavière's Femmes de la Renaissance, Paris, 1898.
page 44 note 2 For details regarding this movement, v. Abel Lefranc: Le Platonisme et la Littérature en France à l'époque de la Renaissance, Rev. de l'Hist. Litt. de la France, 1896, pp. 1 ff.
page 45 note 1 Cortegiano, ed. Cian, Florence, 1894, i, xlvi.
page 46 note 1 Cf. Heptameron, novel 24; Marguerites, ed. Frank, vol. iv, Mort et Resurrection D'Amour; Dernières Poésies, ed. Lefranc, Paris, 1896, Comédie Jouée au Mont Marson. One instance from each will suffice. They might be added to indefinitely.
page 46 note 2 Lefranc, Idées Religieuses de Marguerite de Navarre, Paris, 1898, pp. 110 ff.
page 46 note 3 V. Calvin's Tract: Adversus fanaticam et furiosam sectam Libertinorum qui se spirituales vocant. For a good account of the Libertins Spirituels v. Auguste Jundt, Histoire du Panthéisme Populaire, Paris, 1875.
page 46 note 4 V. Calvin's Letters, ed. Bonnet, 2 vols., Paris, 1854, vol. i, p. 111.
page 46 note 5 Ferrière-Percy, Livre de Dépenses, Paris, 1862, p. 178.
page 47 note 1 E. Picot: Théâtre Mystique de Pierre Duval, p. 67.
page 47 note 2 Ferrière-Percy: Livre de Dépenses, p. 190.
page 47 note 3 V. E. Picot, Théâtre Mystique de Pierre Duval, p. 68.
page 49 note 1 For information regarding the devices, v. E. Picot, Théâtre mystique de Pierre Duval, Introduction.
page 50 note 1 Ibid.: pp. 76 and 77.
page 50 note 2 Cf. Marg. de Navarre: Marguerites, ed. Frank, vol. ii, p. 132, and Dernières Poésies, ed. Lefranc, Intro, p. lxix, and poem Prisons, p. 245.
page 51 note 1 Text: asseurnt.
page 51 note 2 Cf. Vittoria Colonna: Rime e Lettere, Florence, 1860, Rime sacre e morali, no. clxx.
page 52 note 1 Margaret of Navarre: Dernières Poésies, ed. Lefranc, Les Adieux, p. 352.
page 52 note 2 Text: l arbre.
page 52 note 3 Cf. Bernart de Ventadorn in Bartsch, Chrest. Prov., 5th ed., Berlin, 1892, col. 61, l. 2; cf. also Jacopo da Lentino in D'Ancona e Bacci, Man. della Lett, ital., 6th ed., Florence, 1898, vol. i, p. 44, Natura e origine d'Amore.
page 52 note 4 Text: corpss.
page 53 note 1 For idea in this sense, cf. Plotinus, Enneads, i, vi. (Translation by Bouillet, Paris, 1859: vol. i, p. 113.)
page 54 note 1 For this creature of the imagination, cf. sonnet by Cosimo Rucellai, in Curiosità Letterarie, vol. 133, Bologna, 1873, p. 41.
page 54 note 2 For the philosophic phrasing of the doctrine of the celestial and terrestrial Venus, cf. Plotinus, Enneads, iii, v (Translation by Bouillet, vol. ii, pp. 106 ff.).
page 57 note 1 Cf. Song of Songs, iii, 11.
page 57 note 2 eux: el is an established O. F. form for feminine ele—(Cf. Schwan-Behrens, Altfranz. Gram., para. 322–3); eux probably represents the plural of this.
page 59 note 1 Text: recoy.
page 59 note 2 Text: sepatez.
page 59 note 3 Text: entte.
page 62 note 1 Cf. no. 107, where all ugliness is removed.
page 62 note 2 ennime, apparently the same as anime (cf. no. 11, above). The inference is that the sound was nasal.
page 62 note 3 For the reference to the Spirit, cf. no. 124.
page 63 note 1 Whether the author means that divine love has saved man from the condemnation of the law in the theological sense, or whether he is thinking of human love as transcending the laws of matrimony, as taught by the Libertins Spirituels, is not clear. He may have had, and probably did have, both ideas in mind. Cf. Heroët, Parfaite Amie, Lyons, 1543.
page 63 note 2 Trace: meaning?