Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T03:37:26.367Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Shipping routes, ice cover and year-round navigation in the Canadian Arctic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Extract

Past forecasts by geologists of potentially large oil and natural gas reserves in the North American Arctic (eg, Prudhoe Bay, the Mackenzie delta, and the Canadian Arctic islands) are coming closer to reality. Results from Canmar (Canadian Marine Drilling Ltd of Calgary) drill ships working in the southern Beaufort Sea continue to support the prediction of considerable hydrocarbon deposits in this area. The most significant discovery, gas amounting to 0.48–0.50 trillion m3 [17–18 trillion ft3] was made by Panarctic Oils Limited in the Canadian High Arctic, in particular the Drake field off Melville Island and the surrounding region (Star Phoenix, 1980a). Panarctic Oils is a government-industry consortium; Petro-Canada owns 45 per cent of the shares and provides the bulk of the exploration budget.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, J. C. and others. 1972. Image enhancement techniques for improving sea-ice depiction in satellite infrared data. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 77, No 3, p 453–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, J. C. 1975. The application of ERTS imagery to monitoring Arctic sea ice: supplemental report. Concord, Mass., Environmental Research and Technology Inc (ERT Document No 0408 S.)Google Scholar
Bilello, M. A. 1973. Prevailing wind directions in the Arctic Ocean. CRREL. Research Report, No 306.Google Scholar
Gazette, Canada. 1972. Arctic Water Pollution Prevention Act. Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations. Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol 106, No 20, 5 10 1972, p 1 847.Google Scholar
Dey, B. 1978. Use of Landsat and NOAA imagery for mapping deformation and movement of Baffin Bay ice. In: MacEwan, A. ed. Proceedings of the 5th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing… Victoria, British Columbia, August 1978. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, p 200–08.Google Scholar
Dey, B. 1980a. Variations of August ice cover in the Beaufort Sea and related weather conditions. American Meteorological Society Bulletin, Vol 61, No 3, p 213–17.Google Scholar
Dey, B. 1980b. Monitoring annual variations in the ice coverage of Baffin Bay from satellite imagery. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, San Jose, Costa Rica, April 1980. Ann Arbor, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, p 989–99.Google Scholar
Dey, B. 1980C. Seasonal and annual variations in ice cover in Baffin Bay and northern Davis Strait. Canadian Geographer, Vol 24, No 4, p 368–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, B. 1980d. Orbital sensing of Mackenzie Bay ice dynamics. Arctic, Vol 33, No 2, p 280–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, B. 1980e. Sea ice cover and related atmospheric conditions in Arctic Canada during the summer of 1978. Monthly Weather Review, Vol 108, No 12, p 2092–97.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, B. 1980f. Application of satellite thermal infrared imagery for monitoring North Water during the periods of polar darkness. Journal of Gladology, Vol 25, No 93, p 425–38.Google Scholar
Dey, B. 1981. Monitoring winter sea ice dynamics in the Candian Arctic with NOAA-TIR images. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 86, No C4, p 3223–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, B. (in press). Summer weather and open water in the Beaufort Sea. In: Pelletier, B. R. ed, Marine science atlas of the Beaufort Sea. Ottawa, Canada Energy Mines and Resources.Google Scholar
Dey, B. and Gregory, A. F. 1979. The use of models for predicting ice floes in Baffin Bay. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, Ann Arbor, April 1979. Ann Arbor, Enironmental Research Institute of Michigan, p 933–37.Google Scholar
Dey, B. and Richards, J. H. 1981. The Canadian north: utility of remote sensing for environmental monitoring. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol 11, No 1, p 5772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, B.and others. 1979. Monitoring and mapping sea-ice breakup and freezeup of Arctic Canada from satellite imagery. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol 11, No 2, p 229–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, M. 1973. Winter regime of North Water. Royal Society of Canada. Transactions, Vol 11, No 4, p 275–81.Google Scholar
Dunbar, M. 1979. Fall ice drift in Nares Strait as observed by sideways looking airborne radar. Arctic, Vol 32, No 4, p 283307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gloersen, P.and others. 1978. Time difference of sea ice concentration and multi-year ice fraction in the Arctic Basin. Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol 13, p 339–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, B. M. and Stubbs, J. T. 1980. The development of an environmentally safe Arctic tanker. Calgary, Alberta, Dome Petroleum Limited.Google Scholar
Lindsay, D. G. 1974. Sea-ice atlas of Arctic Canada, 1961–1968. Ottawa, Departmentof Energy, Mines and Resources.Google Scholar
McKenzie, M. B. and Johansson, B. M. 1979. Marine transportation of Arctic hydrocarbon. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Texas, April 30–May 3, 1979, 3 p 2367–75.Google Scholar
Markham, W. E. 1962. Summer breakup pattern in the Canadian Arctic, Downsview, Ontario, Department of Transport Meteorological Branch. (CIR-3586 TEC 389.)Google Scholar
Markham, W. E. 1975. Ice climatology of the Beaufort Sea. Victoria, British Columbia, Institute of Ocean Sciences. (Beaufort Sea Technical Report, No 26.)Google Scholar
Marko, J. R. 1975. Satellite observations of the Beaufort Sea ice. Victoria, British Columbia, Institute of Ocean Sciences. (Beaufort Sea Technical Report, No 34.)Google Scholar
Marko, J. R. 1977. A satellite-based study of sea ice dynamics in the central Canadian Arctic archipelago. Sidney, British Columbia, Institute of Ocean Sciences. (Contractor Report Series 77–4.)Google Scholar
Marko, J. R. 1978. A satellite imagery study of eastern Parry Channel. Sidney, British Columbia, Institute of Ocean Sciences. (Contractor Report Series 78–05.)Google Scholar
Norcor Engineering and Research Limited. 1978. A study of ice conditions along marine shipping routes in the Arctic archipelago. Montreal, Strategic Studies Branch, Research and Development, Ministry of Transport.Google Scholar
Pritchard, R. S.and others. 1977. Winter ice dynamics in the near shore Beaufort Sea. AIDJEX Bulletin, No 37, p 3793.Google Scholar
Record, Polar. 1981. Canmar Kigoriak—an icebreaking anchor handling boat, Polar Record, Vol 20, No 128, p 454–55.Google Scholar
Ramseier, R. O. and others. 1975. Ice dynamics in the Canadian archipelago and adjacent basin as determined by ERTS–1 observations. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Canada's Continental Margins and Offshore Petroleum Exploration. Calgary. Alberta, Texaco Exploration Canada Ltd, p 853–77.Google Scholar
Phoenix, Star, 1980a. High Arctic gas reserves nearing production level. Star Phoenix (Saskatoon), 19 june 1980.Google Scholar
Phoenix, Star, 1980b. Arctic islands gas sale agreement nets $4 billion. Star Phoenix (Saskatoon), 26 061980, p C17.Google Scholar
Stringer, W. J. 1974. Morphology of the Beaufort Sea shorefast ice. In: Reed, J. C. and Sater, J. E. eds. The coast and shelf of the Beaufort Sea. Virginia, Arctic Institute of North America, p 165–72.Google Scholar
Wadhams, P. 1976. Oil and ice in the Beaufort Sea. Polar Record, Vol 18, No 114, p 237–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar