Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-wxhwt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T05:24:29.353Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Teaching and Taking: A Seminar on Cultural Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2015

Aaron Wildavsky*
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley

Extract

The proposal and syllabus that follow are primarily concerned with the content of a seminar on cultural theory. I would like to preface these materials by saying a bit about teaching.

Because of the vast confusion surrounding the concept of culture, a seminar is an ideal place to work on clarification.

The version of cultural theory being discussed departs from ordinary modes of thought and raises many questions, albeit in a more political direction: What sort of people, organized into which cultures, would act in certain ways (accept or reject blame, tax and spend high or low, participate a little or a lot, etc.) in order to do what matters most to them—support their way of life and discomfort their opponents? Hence time for questions in the seminar is essential. Hours and hours of discussion do more to straighten out thought than any amount of reading.

Application of this cultural theory is also essential. Doing is different than thinking. I have found that 1,000-word essays on such subjects as the Comanche Indians (competitive individualists to the core) or the Khmer Rouge (radical egalitarians) enable seminar members to come to grips with the theories they are trying out. Immersion in this material, bolstered by continuous discussion, sharpened by several short applications, greatly facilitates writing a research paper. The idea is to take a paper already written, or about to be written, derive a problem from it, and see how one cultural theory compares to others.

Type
For the Classroom
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

I. INTRODUCTION Week 1: Theories of Political Culture

Schwarz, Michael, and Thompson, Michael. Beyond the Politics of Interest. Typescript. 26 pages.Google Scholar
Easton, David. 1959. Political Anthropology. In Siegel, B. J., ed., Biennial Review of Anthropology. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 210–62.Google Scholar
Almond, Gabriel, and Powell, G. Bingham Jr., 1978. Political Culture. In Comparative Politics, 2nd ed. Boston: Little Brown, pp. 2551.Google Scholar
Dittmer, Lowell. 1982. The Comparative Analysis of Political Culture. American Studies, America Studieum Jahrgang 27 (Heft I), pp. 1942.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture, and The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man. In The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, pp. 354.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. March 1987. Choosing Preferences by Constructing Institutions: A Cultural Theory of Preference Formation. American Political Science Review, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 321.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. 1988. Frames of Reference Come From Cultures: A Predictive Theory. Forthcoming in Freilich, Morris, ed., The Relevance of Culture. So. Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. 1982. Cultural Bias. In In the Active Voice. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 183254.Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1963. Social Structure, and The Place of Anthro-pology in the Social Sciences and Problems Raised in Teaching It. In Structural Anthropology. New York: Penguin Books, pp. 277–99, 346–47, 354–69, 376–81.Google Scholar

II. CULTURAL BIASES Week 2: Hierarchy

Beattie, John. 1960. Selections from Bunyoro: An African Kingdom. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 1, 8–16, 25–47, 6669.Google Scholar
Dumont, Louis. 1980. Selections from Homo Hierarchicus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. xvi–xviii, xxi, 65–79, 104–108, 231–45, 250–67.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary, and Wildavsky, Aaron. 1982. The Center is Complacent. In Risk and Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 83101.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary, and Isherwood, Baron. 1978. Selection from The World of Goods. London: Allen Lane, pp. 3541.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1946. Bureaucracy. In Gerth, H. H. and Mills, C. Wright, eds., From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 196239.Google Scholar
Howe, Daniel Walker. 1979. The Political Culture of the American Whigs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 21, 29–42, 76–81, 138.Google Scholar

Week 3: Individualism

Uchendu, Victor C. 1965. Selections from The Igbo of Southeast Nigeria. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 5, 15–21, 34–48, 90–93, 102105.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. Selections from The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 5–7, 12–13, 88–93, 120–123, 178191.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. 1980. Accountability Among the Nuer. In Evans-Pritchard. Sussex, England: The Harvester Press, pp. 6273.Google Scholar
Pospisil, Leopold. 1963. Selections from Kapauku Papuan Economy. New Haven, CT: Dept. of Anthropology, Yale University, pp. 13, 19–20, 43–47, 327–33, 368–71, 381–94.Google Scholar
Hayek, F. A.Competition as a Discovery Procedure. In New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 179–89.Google Scholar
Strathern, Andrew. 1971. The Rope of Moka: Big-men and Ceremonial Exchange in Mount Hagen, New Guinea. New Rochelle, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 187227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horton, Robin. Stateless Societies in the History of West Africa. In History of West Africa, Ajayi, J. F. A. and Crowder, Michael, eds., 6 pages, vol. I.Google Scholar
Fallows, James. July 1985. Houston: A Permanent Boomtown. The Atlantic.Google Scholar

Week 4: Egalitarianism

Douglas, Mary, and Wildavsky, Aaron. 1982. The Border is Alarmed. In Risk and Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 102151.Google Scholar
Berlin, Isaiah. 1979. Russian Populism. In Russian Thinkers, Hardy, Henry and Kelly, Aileen, eds., Russian Thinkers. New York: Penguin Books, pp. 210237.Google Scholar
Stoper, Emily. 1983. The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee: Rise and Fall of a Redemptive Organization. In Freeman, Jo, ed., Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies. New York: Longman, pp. 320–34.Google Scholar
Butler, Jon. July 1974. ‘Gospel Order Improved’: The Kethian Schism and the Exercise of Quaker Ministerial Authority in Pennsylvania. The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 407430.Google Scholar
Rae, Douglas. Fall 1979. The Egalitarian State: Notes on a System of Contradictory Ideals. Doedalus, Vol. 108, No. 4, pp. 3754.Google Scholar
Embley, Peter L. 1967. The Early Development of the Plymouth Brethren. In Wilson, Bryan R., ed., Patterns of Sectarianism. London: Heinemann, pp. 213–43.Google Scholar

Syllabus on Culture Week 5:

Write a 1,000-word paper discussing Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture.

III. INSTITUTIONS Week 6: Leadership

McFarland, Andrew S. 1969. The Concept of Leadership. In Power and Leadership in Pluralist Systems. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 153–76.Google Scholar
Read, K. E. 1959. Leadership and Consensus in a New Guinea Society. American Anthropologist, 61:425–36.Google Scholar
Shack, William A. 1979. Politics of the Free Spirit: The Sacred and the Secular in the Gurage Polity. In Shack, William A. and Cohen, Percy S., eds., Politics in Leadership: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 169–89.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Bruce. August/September 1984. Contrasting Visions of the Presidency: Evaluative Priorities of Liberals, Moderates, and Conservatives. Paper prepared for delivery at the 1984 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.Google Scholar
Knott, Jack, and Wildavsky, Aaron. Winter 1977. Jimmy Carter's Theory of Governing. The Wilson Quarterly, pp. 4965.Google Scholar
Etzioni, Amitai. Feb. 23, 1980. The Lack of Leadership: We Found It— In Us. National Journal, pp. 334337.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. 1988. Political Leaders Are Part of Political Systems: A Cultural Theory of Leadership. Forthcoming in Jones, Bryan D., ed., Political Leadership from Political Science Perspectives. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, Richard. 1986. A Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizations. Typescript.Google Scholar

Week 7: Why Do Governments Grow?

Wilensky, Harold L., et al.December 1983. Comparative Social Policy: Theories, Methods, Findings. Paper prepared for a joint Science Center Berlin/Stanford University Conference on Cross-National Policy Research, Berlin.Google Scholar
Castles, Francis G., and McKinlay, R. D.. July 1979. Public Welfare Provision, Scandinavia, and the Sheer Futility of the Sociological Approach to politics. British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 9, pp. 157–71.Google Scholar
Tarschys, Daniel. 1983. The Scissors Crisis in Public Finance. Policy Sciences, 15:205–24.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. 1986. Why Government Grows. In Budgeting: A Comparative Theory of Budgetary Processes, revised 2nd ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press, pp. 357393.Google Scholar

Week 8: Media

Evans, Fred J. March/April 1984. The Politics of the Press. Business Horizon, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 2229.Google Scholar
Coyle, Dennis J. 1984. A Review of Bias in the Media. Typescript.Google Scholar
Rothman, Stanley, and Lichter, S. Robert. 1984. Personality, Ideology and Worldview: A Comparison of Media and Business Elites. British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 15, No. 1:2949.Google Scholar
Mazur, Allan. No date. Mass Media at Love Canal and Three Mile Island. Typescript.Google Scholar
Altheide, David L. 1984. Media Hegemony: A Failure of Perspective. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 48: 476–90.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. Summer 1987. The Media's “American Egalitarians.” The Public Interest, 88:94104.Google Scholar

Week 9: Why Is There No Socialism in America?

Lowi, Theodore J. 1984. Why Is There No Socialism in the United States? A Federal Analysis. In Golembiewski, Robert T. and Wildavsky, Aaron, eds., The Costs of Federalism. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, pp. 3754.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1977. Why No Socialism in the United States? In Bialer, Seweryn and Sluzar, Sophia, eds., Sources of Contemporary Radicalism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 31149.Google Scholar

Week 10:

Jackson, Karl D., ed. Rendezvous With Death: Democratic Kampuchea, 1975-1978. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Yathay, Pin. 1980. L'utopie meurtriere. Paris: Robert Laffont. Review article of this book by Ferenc Feher, in Telos, No. 56 (Summer 1983): 193205.Google Scholar
Hoebel, E. Adamson. 1940. The Political Organization and Law-Ways of the Comanche Indians. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, No. 54, Supplement to American Anthropologist, Vol. 42, No. 3, Part 2, pp. 4142.Google Scholar

IV. CULTURAL CHANGE Week 11:

Wildavsky, Aaron. Nov. 1985. Change in Political Culture. Politics, Journal of the Australasian Political Studies Association, Vol. 20, No. 2:95102.Google Scholar
Rayner, Steve. The Politics of Schism: Routinization and Social Control in the International Socialists/Socialist Workers' Party. Typescript.Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D. 1984. Sexual Abuse as a Social Problem. In Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research. New York: Free Press, pp. 122.Google Scholar

Week 12: Political Change in the United States

Wilson, James Q. Feb. 1979. American Politics, Then and Now. Commentary, Vol. 67, No. 2:3946.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1981. The Gap: The American Creed Versus Political Authority. In American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 3160.Google Scholar
Hollander, Paul. 1983. Reflections on Anti-Americanism in Our Times. In The Many Faces of Socialism. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, pp. 299311.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. Fall 1982. The Three Cultures: Explaining Anomalies in the American Welfare State. The Public Interest, No. 69:4558.Google Scholar
Polsby, Nelson W. Winter 19811982. Contemporary Transformations of American Politics: Thoughts on Research Agendas. Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 96, No. 4: 551570.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. Fall 1975. The Paradox of American Politics. The Public Interest, 41:142165.Google Scholar

Week 13: Risk

Douglas, Mary, and Wildavsky, Aaron. Can We Know the Risks We Face? Risks are Hidden, Risks are Selected, Scientists Disagree, Assessment is Biased, The Dialogue is Political, Risk is a Collective Construct. In Risk and Culture, pp. 1–82, 174198.Google Scholar
Cotgrove, Stephen. 1981. Risk, Value Conflict and Political Legitimacy. In Griffiths, Richard F., ed., Dealing with Risk. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press, pp. 122140.Google Scholar
Thompson, Michael. 1985. To Hell With the Turkeys: A Diatribe Directed at the Pernicious Trepidity of Current Intellectual Approaches to Risk. In MacLean, D., ed., Values at Risk. New York: Rowe and Allenhead.Google Scholar
Wildavsky, Aaron. 1986. Doing More and Using Less: Utilization of Research as a Result of Regime. In Dierkes, Meinolf, Weiler, Hans, Antal, Ariane Berthoin, eds., Comparative Policy Research. Learning from Experience. Aldershot, England: Gower.Google Scholar
Ames, Bruce. Nov. 11, 1985. Testimony to the Chairman of the State Senate Committee on Toxics and Public Safety Management, Sacramento, Calif.Google Scholar
Rothman, Stanley, and Lichter, S. Robert. June 1987. Elite Ideology and Risk Perception in Nuclear Energy Policy. American Political Science Review, Vol. 81, No. 2:383404.Google Scholar

Weeks 14 and 15:

Presentation of student papers. Copies are to be made available to all students and to the instructor two days before the seminar. Students are expected to read and to write comments on the papers.