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The combustion synthesis of the ferroelectric material, BaTiO3, studied by time-resolved X-ray diffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

E. M. Larson ,
Joe Wong ,
J. B. Holt ,
P. A. Waide  and
B. Rupp
E. M. Larson*
Affiliation:
College of Science and Allied Health, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, Arizona 85017
Joe Wong
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94551
J. B. Holt
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94551
P. A. Waide
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94551
B. Rupp
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94551
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

The combustion synthesis of the common ferroelectric material, BaTiO3, was developed using the stoichiometry: BaO2+0.2 Ti+0.8 TiO2→BaTiO3+0.3 O2. An adiabatic temperature, Tad, of the reaction was calculated from known thermodynamic data to be 1917 °C. Real time chemical changes in the formation of BaTiO3 during the reaction have been monitored using time-resolved X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation as the X-ray source. A time resolution of 250 ms was achieved. The combustion synthesis of BaTiO3 was followed by observing the intensities of reactant and product Bragg diffraction peaks in order to qualitatively identify the phases present. Because BaTiO3 forms initially as a cubic phase, X-ray diffraction of the product was monitored for a period of 20 min after the reaction to observe the phase transformation to the tetragonal form. This transformation is evident in these post-reaction scans as the cubic 110 and 220 peaks are split to the tetragonal 101/110 and 202/220 ones, respectively.

Keywords

time-resolved diffractionhigh temperature synthesisperovskitessynchrotron radiationferroelectric materials
Type
Research Article
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , June 1999 , pp. 111 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

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