Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T17:33:29.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sovereignty, Endurance, and the Elusive Search for Humanitarian Space in North Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2012

Frederick M. Burkle Jr.
Frederick M. Burkle Jr.*
Affiliation:
Senior Scholar, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC, USA Senior Fellow, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Professor, Department of Community Emergency Health & Paramedic Practice, Monash University Medical School, Melbourne, Australia
*
skipmd77@aol.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial Comments
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 161 - 165
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Glosserman, B: North Korea: Where NGOs fear to go.The Asian Bookshelf. The Japan Times, 23 November 2003. Available at http://search.japan-times.co.jp/print/fb20031123a1.html. Accessed 28 January 28 2009.Google Scholar
2.Wagner, JG: An IHL/ICRC perspective on humanitarian space. Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, HPN: Humanitarian Practice Network. December 2005; Issue 32. Available at http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?ID=2765. Accessed 28 January 2009.Google Scholar
3.von Pilar, U: Humanitarian space under siege: Some remarks from an aid agency's perspective. Symposium on Europe and Humanitarian Aid: What Future? Learning from Crisis, Bad Neuenahr, Médecins sans Frontières (Germany), Background Paper, 22–23 April 1999: 1–21.Google Scholar
4.United Nations Security Council: Report of the Secretary-General on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. 28 October 2007;S/2007/643: 1–19.Google Scholar
5.Bass, GJ: Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008, p 33.Google Scholar
6.North Korea: Annual Report 2008. Reporters Without Borders. 02 November 2008. Available at http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=25675. Accessed 30 January 2009.Google Scholar
7.Smith, H: Overcoming humanitarian dilemmas in the DPRK (North Korea). United States Institute of Peace. Special Report. July 2002; No.90. Available at http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr90.html. Accessed 28 January 2009.Google Scholar
8. Food Aid Flows: World Food Program/Interfais, 2008. Available at http://www.wfp.org/interfais/index2.htm# Accessed 03 February 2009.Google Scholar
9.Hawk, D: Concentrations of Inhumanity. Freedom House, 2007 Available at http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/press_release/Concentrations_Inhumanity.pdf. Accessed 30 January 2009.Google Scholar
10.Kumaoka, M: North Korea from an NGO perspective.Grassroots Network, Japan Center for International Exchange. Available at http://www.jcie.or.jp/grassroots/8.html. Accessed 28 January 2009.Google Scholar
11.US Committee for Refugees World Report Survey 2001: North Korea. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 20 June 2001. Available at http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3b31e16710.html. Accessed 28 January 2009.Google Scholar
12.Feffer, J: North Korea and the politics of famine. Foreign Policy in Focus: FPIF Special Report. 18 September 2006. Available at http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/3524. Accessed 03 February 2009.Google Scholar
13.Flake, LG, Snyder, S: Paved with Good Intentions: The NGO Experience in North Korea. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2003.Google Scholar
14.Frank, R: The future of political leadership in North Korea. Policy Forum Online 08-072A, 23 September 2008. Available at http://wwwnautilus.org/fora/security/08072. Accessed 27 January 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Snyder, S: American Religious NGOs in North Korea: A Paradoxical Relationship. Ethics & International Affairs 2007; 21(4). Available at http://www.cceia.org/resources/journal/21_4essays/003.html/pf_printable?. Accessed 28 January 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. DPRK:Floods Emergency Appeal No.MDRKP001 Final Report.FL-2007-000126- PRK,20 August 2007–15 May 2008. Available at http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/MCOT-7NHGYK?OpenDocument. Accessed 30 January 2009.Google Scholar
17.Committee to Protect Journalists: In Russia, Putin signs restrictive NGO bill. New York, 17 January 2006. Availale at http://www.cpj.org/2000/01/in-rus-sia-putin-signs-restrictive-ngo-bill.php. Accesssed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
18.Malhotra, HB: NGOs losing privileged status. The Epoch Times, Washington, DC. 31 January 2006. http://www.english.epochtimes.com/news/6-1-31/37/609.html. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
19.Le-Ba, S: Analyzing threats to civil society around the world. Global Policy Forum. November 7, 2008. http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/state/2008/1107analyzing.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
20.Obiro, V: Why NGOs will never change the world. The Arusha Times, Tanzania. 08–14 April 2006; Issue 00414.Availabe at http://www.arusha-times.co.tz/2006/14/features_5.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
21.Guinane, K: U.S. counterterrorism developments impacting charities. International Journal of Not-For-Profit Law. 2007;10(1). Available at http://www.icnl.org?KNOWLEDGE/IJNL/VOL10ISS1/special_1.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
22.Memarian, O: Civil society feels conservative' wrath. Global Policy Forum. 03 July 2006. http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/state/2006/0703wrath.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
23.Kaba, E: Foreign humanitarian agencies suspend work in Russia. Reuters. Oct 16, 2006. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L19198883.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
24.Mutasah, T: Don't cramp the NGO's style. Mail & Guardian Online. Comment, 07 August 2007.Google Scholar
25.Digger, CW: Zimbabwe tells all aid groups to halt efforts.The New York Times.June 6, 2008. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/06/world/africa/06zim-babwe,html?fta=y&pagewanted=pr. Accessed 28 February 2009.Google Scholar
26.Integrated Regional Information Networks. Promotion of Democracy Banned. Global Policy Forum. 02 September 2008. Available at http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/state/2008/0902zimbabweweban.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
27.DPRK, FAQ: Document approved by ZoSun Il. Official Webpages of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. 2005-05-05. Available at http://www.korea-dpr.com/faq.htm#18. Accessed 03 February 2009.Google Scholar
28.Kim, HR: Transnational network dynamics of NGOs for North Korean refugees and human rights. Paper presented at the International Conference: Civil Society, Religion & Global Governance: Paradigms of Power & Persuasion, 1–2 September 2005. http://law.anu.edu.au/nissl/kim.pdf. Accessed 30 January 2009.Google Scholar
29.Sassen, S: A new geography of power? Monitoring Policy Making at the United Nations. Global Policy Forum. http://www.globalpolicy.org/nations/sassen.htm. Accessed 28 January 2009. Burkle 165Google Scholar
30.Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty: The Responsibility to Protect. December 2001. http://www.iciss.ca/pdf/Commission-Report.pdf. Accessed 02 February 2009.Google Scholar
31. Monitoring Policy Making at the United Nations: UN Reform. Global Policy Forum. Available at http://www.globalpolicy.org/reform/index.htm. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
32.The Undersigned. Responsibility to Protect Petition. http://www.petitiononline.com/BurmaAID/petition.html. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
33.Traub, J: Cyclone Nargis: Whose responsibility to protect? Meeting Summary. 12 June 2008, CUNY Graduate Center, New York. Available at http://glob-alr2p.org/pdf/related/Nargis_Summ.pdf. Accessed 04 February 2009.Google Scholar
34.Ferris, F, Reiffel, L: Cyclone Nargis: Catalyst for Change in Myanmar? Brookings. The Brookings Institute. 16 May 2008. Available at http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2008/0516_myanmar_ferris.aspx. Accessed 03 February 2009.Google Scholar