Heatwaves are the leading weather-related causes of deaths globally. Since the mid 20th century, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves has increased with recent reports projecting a substantial warming in temperature extremes by the end of the 21st century.

In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to assess public perception and knowledge on heatwaves. Data was collected across Pakistan among a sample of people aged 18 years and above using an online survey questionnaire. Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs were used to assess risk perception using a total of 14 statements while knowledge was measured using 12 statements. The Unadjusted Odd Ratio (UOR) and Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) of 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were employed through binary logistic regression. A total of twelve variables were included in the model (11 categorical and 1 continuous).

Out of the 686 participants, the majority of the people (57.73) showed high heatwaves risk perception and a high level of heatwave knowledge (59.91). The results of the multivariate regression model (AOR) showed that participants within the Secondary and/or higher Secondary (Grade 9th to Grade 12th) were less likely (OR=0.304) perceiving heatwaves risk compared to the reference group (Basic/Elementary Level i.e., (Grade 1st to Grade 8th)). As the number of participants who lives with others and who heard about heatwaves increases, the participants are more likely to perceive high heatwaves risk. For instance, participants who lives with others and have heard about heatwaves perceived heatwaves risk 1.982 and 1.816 times higher respectively than those who live alone and those who have not heard about heatwaves before.

HBM can be useful in designing interventions aimed at increasing people’s adaptive behaviors during heat waves. This study provides useful insights to the policymakers across Pakistan in understanding the public’s perception that can lead to informed decision-making.