In the immediate aftermath of disasters and terrorism, it is critical to rapidly respond to the physical/medical needs of survivors to reduce injuries and the loss of life. Consistent with these situational demands, the description of such events is usually in terms of the resulting number of casualties and physical injuries sustained, with little recognition of or attention to the potential psychosocial consequences that may be experienced by survivors. However, individuals exposed to natural and human-made disasters, including acts of terrorism and large-scale violence, may experience serious immediate and long-term psychological difficulties.