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The Treaty of Ghent—A Centenary Estimate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2013

Frank A. Updyke*
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College
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Extract

The principal justification in presenting my subject which has been made familiar through the scholarly work of Henry Adams and Rear Admiral Mahan, lies in the fact that the attention of the English speaking world will be fixed upon this event in the coming year, as Great Britain and the United States unite in celebrating a century of peace between these two great nations. It may, therefore, be not inappropriate, at this time to endeavor to arrive at a proper estimate of the treaty which marks the beginning of the hundred years peace. It has been somewhat the fashion to speak disparagingly of the treaty of Ghent, inasmuch as it contained no reference to the principles for which the war was ostensibly fought. Often, it has been referred to as a “treaty of boundaries,” or a mere “treaty of peace”—accomplishing nothing more than the cessation of hostilities. In order to determine whether the treaty of Ghent merits any higher estimate than this common one which has been accepted by one writer after another, it may be pertinent to consider first, the opinion of contemporary history, and secondly, the estimate of a century later, based upon the results of the treaty.

Type
Papers and Discussions
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1914

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References

1 Philadelphia Gazette, quoted in the National Intelligencer, December 18, 1814.

2 New York Spectator, February 13, 1815.

3 Otis Amidon to Russell, February 20, 1815, Russell's Papers, no. 1362 and no. 1067.

4 Weekly Messenger, February 17, 1815.

5 Weekly Messenger, February 17, 1815.

6 Weekly Messenger, February 24, 1815.

7 Richardson, 's Messages and Papers of the Presidents, vol. i, pp. 560–61Google Scholar.

8 John L. Smith to Jno. Russell, April 2, 1815, Russell's Papers, no. 585.

9 Gallatin to Monroe, December 25, 1814, Writings of Gallatin, vol. i, pp. 645–47Google Scholar; Clay to Monroe, December 25, 1814, Monroe Mss. Papers, vol. xiv, no. 1822.

10 J. Smith to Russell, May 6, 1815, Rusell's Mss. Papers, no. 2041; Madison to Benj. Austin, March 7, 1815, Madison's Mss. Papers, vol. vii, p. 84 Google Scholar.

11 Writings of Madison, vol. vii, p. 311 Google Scholar, Message of Madison to Congress, February 18, 1815; Monroe to the Military Committee of the Senate, Writings of Monroe, vol. v, p. 323 Google Scholar.

12 London Globe, December 27, 1814.

13 London Times, December 30, 1814.

14 London Times, December 27, 1814.

15 London Times, December 30, 1814.

16 Beasley to Russell, October 20, 1814, Russell's Papers, no. 1847.

17 National Intelligencer, April 3, 1813.

18 London Evening Star quoted in National Intelligencer, April 3, 1813.

19 London Times, July 2, 1814.

20 London Times, May 17, 1814.

21 London Sun, July 22, 1914.

22 London Times, July 2, 1814, London Sun, August 23, 1814.

23 London Times, October 15, 1814.

24 London Star, September 29, 1814.

25 National Intelligencer, April 28, 1814.

26 Edinburgh Review, November, 1814.

27 London Sun, February 17, 1815.

28 London Sun, February 17, 1815.

29 Quebec Mercury, quoted in New York Spectator, June 30, 1814.

30 London Morning Chronicle, December 27, 1814, London Courier, December 27, 1814.

31 Weekly Messenger, February 17, 1815.

32 Adams, History of the United States, vol. ix, p. 55 Google Scholar.

33 Annual Register, 1815, p. 114 Google Scholar.

34 Annual Register, 1815, p. 16 Google Scholar, et seq.

35 Henceforth the United States is to be accredited all the rights and privileges belonging to any other state in the family of nations.

36 Providence Patriot, November 12, 1814.

37 American commissioners to British commissioners, August 24, 1814, A. S. P. Foreign Relations, vol. iii, p. 711 Google Scholar, et seq.

38 American commissioners to British commissioners, August 24, 1814, A. S. P. Foreign Relations, vol. iii, p. 711 Google Scholar, et seq.

39 It may be noted that Gallatin favored a stipulation for the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes, an arrangement which was made between the two countries two years later, when John Quincy Adams was secretary of state.

40 The later treaty also contained the alternative principle in accordance with which each state appears first in the preamble and ratifying clause of its own copy of the treaty.

41 Convention Respecting Fisheries, Boundary and Restoration of Slaves, 1818, art. iv, b; Treaties and Conventions, 1776–1900 (Malloy), Convention Continuing in Force, art. iii of Treaty of 1818 (ibid).