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From “Mission-Creep” to Gestalt-Switch: Justice, Finance, the IFIs, and the Intended Beneficiaries of Globalization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Robert Hockett
Robert Hockett*
Affiliation:
Cornell Law School; in Law, Yale Law School& , Yale University; , Harvard Law School and Harvard University
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Abstract

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Type
Changing Norms in International Development Finance
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 98 , 2004 , pp. 69 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2004

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References

1 See Articles of Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, July 22, 1944, 60 Stat. 1440, 2 UNTS 134, amended Dec. 16, 1965, UST 1942, 606 UNTS 294 [hereinafter IBRD Articles of Agreement], art. III, § 1(a).

2 See International Monetary Fund, Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF, Pamphlet Series, No. 45, at 42 (6th ed., 2001).

3 See IBRD Articles of Agreement, art. III, §4 (“Conditions on which the Bank may guarantee or make loans”); Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, July 22, 1945, 60 Stat. 1401, 2 UNTS 39 [hereinafter IMF Articles of Agreement] (entered into force Dec. 27, 1945), art. V, §3 (“Conditions governing use of the Fund’s general resources”).

4 See IMF Articles of Agreement, art. IV, §3 (“Surveillance over exchange arrangements”).

5 See, e.g., United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer; Kyoto Protocol on Global Warming; etc.

6 See, e.g., IBRD Articles of Agreement, art. I, §§(i)-(iii) (“development, ” “productivity,” “growth,” “standard of living”); IMF Articles of Agreement, art. I, §(ii) (“development”), (v) (“prosperity”).