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The Preemptive and Interpretive Force of International Human Rights Law in State Courts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2017

Joan Fitzpatrick
Joan Fitzpatrick*
Affiliation:
University of Washington
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Abstract

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Type
The Influence of International Human Rights Law on State Courts and State Constitutions
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 90 , 1996 , pp. 262 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2015

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References

1 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted Dec. 9, 1948, entered into force Jan. 12, 1951, 78 UNTS 277.

2 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted Dec. 16, 1966, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976, 999 UNTS 171.

3 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted Dec. 10, 1984, entered into force June 26, 1987, 24 ILM 535 (1985).

4 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, adopted Dec. 21,1965, entered into force Jan. 4, 1969, 660 UNTS 195.

5 252 U.S. 416(1920).

6 See Natalie Hevener Kaufman, Human Rights Treaties and the Senate (1990) for a thorough retelling of the Bricker Amendment saga.

7 Henkin, Louis, U.S. Ratification of Human Rights Conventions: The Ghost of Senator Bricker, 89 AJTL 341 (1995)Google Scholar.

8 Adopted Dec. 18, 1979, entered into force Sept. 3, 1981, 19 ILM 33 (1980).

9 Adopted Nov. 20, 1989, entered into force Sept. 2, 1990, 28 ILM 1448 (1989).

10 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, adopted May 23, 1969, entered into force Jan. 27, 1980, 1155 UNTS 331, Article 27.

11 Henkin, supra note 7 at 345 n. 18.

12 138 Cong. Rec. S4784 (daily ed. Apr. 2, 1992) (emphasis added).

13 Bjelke-Petersen, Koowarta v., 153 CLR 168 (1982)Google Scholar.

14 United States Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, 102nd Cong., 2nd Sess. Report on International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 19 (1992).

15 Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v. Teoh, 128 ALR 353 (High Court 1995).,

16 Freeman, Chi Lung v., 92 U.S. 275 (1875)Google Scholar.

17 Miller, Zschernig v., 389 U.S. 429 (1968)Google Scholar.

18 Riesenfeld, Stefan A. Abbott, Frederick M. The Scope of U.S. Senate Control over the Conclusion and Operation of Treaties, 67 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 571, 598 99 (1991)Google Scholar.

19 Brilmayer, Lea, Federalism, State Authority, and the Preemptive Power of International Law, 1994 Sup. Ct. Rev. 295 (1995)Google Scholar.

20 Trimble, Phillip R., A Revisionist View of Customary International Law, 33 UCLA L. Rev. 665, 718–21 (1986)Google Scholar.

21 Weisburd, A.M., State Courts, Federal Courts and International Cases, 20 Vale J. Int'l L. 1, 55 (1995).Google Scholar

22 The Paquete Habana, 175 U.S. 677, 700 (1900).

23 233 Conn. at 557, 660 A.2d 742 (Conn. 1995).

24 233 Conn. at 616, 660 A.2d at 771.

25 233 Conn. at 635, 660 A.2d at 779.

26 G.A. Res. 217 (III), UN Doc. A/811 (1948).

27 Adopted Dec. 16, 1966, entered into force Jan. 3, 1976, 993 UNTS 3.

28 233 Conn. at 638, 660 A.2d at 781.