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Strong lithium lines in red supergiants at different metallicities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2024

Ignacio Negueruela Open the ORCID record for Ignacio Negueruela [Opens in a new window] ,
Javier Alonso-Santiago ,
Ricardo Dorda  and
Lee R. Patrick Open the ORCID record for Lee R. Patrick [Opens in a new window]
Ignacio Negueruela*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Fsica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
Javier Alonso-Santiago
Affiliation:
INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
Ricardo Dorda
Affiliation:
Instituto de Astrofsica de Canarias, Va Láctea s/n, E38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Lee R. Patrick
Affiliation:
Departamento de Fsica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, E03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
*
email: ignacio.negueruela@ua.es
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Abstract

Current models of stellar evolution predict that stars more massive than ∼6 M⊙ should have completely depleted all lithium (Li) in their atmospheres by the time when they reach the He core burning phase. Against this, a non-negligible number of red giants with masses ≳6 M⊙ presenting strong Li lines have recently been reported. Motivated by this finding, we have carried out a spectroscopic survey of red supergiants (RSGs) in the Perseus Arm and a selection of young open clusters in the Magellanic Clouds to assess the presence of the Li <sc>i</sc> 6708Å doublet line. Based on a sample of> 70 objects, close to one third of RSGs in the Perseus Arm display noticeable Li lines, with perhaps a trend towards a lower fraction among more luminous stars. The samples in the Magellanic Clouds are not as large, but hint at a metallicity dependence. Twenty one RSGs in 5 LMC clusters show a very high fraction of Li detection, around 40%. Conversely, 17 RSGs in 5 SMC clusters give only one secure detection. The interpretation of these observational results is not straightforward, but a mechanism for Li production seems most likely. Further characterisation work is ongoing, while theoretical studies into this matter are urgently needed.

Keywords

stars: evolutionstars: supergiantsstars: fundamental parametersopen clusters and associationsHertzsprung-Russell and colour-magnitude diagrams
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 18 , Symposium S361: Massive Stars Near and Far , May 2022 , pp. 410 - 415
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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