The consumption of red beetroot has been associated with a number of health benefits. Antidiabetic properties have been suggested in the literature, yet evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies is very limited⁽Reference Clifford, Howatson, West and Stevenson¹⁾. A recent study has indicated a moderate reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin response following neobetanin rich beetroot juice consumption⁽Reference Wootton-Beard and Brandt²⁾. Reductions of both, glucose and insulin, are considered beneficial with regards to lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes⁽Reference Coe and Ryan³⁾. The aim of our study was to investigate the acute effects of beetroot juice consumption in combination with carbohydrates on the glycaemic response in humans.

We recruited ten healthy volunteers (1 male and 9 females), aged 20-24 years and BMI ranging from 16·7-26·8, for a randomized crossover study. Following an overnight fast, participants were asked to consume 270 ml beetroot juice or a sugar-matched control drink alongside white bread to provide 50 g available carbohydrates in each setting. The sugar content in the juice was analysed using HPLC prior to study start (sucrose 79·9 %, glucose 10·9 %, fructose 9·4 %). Capillary blood was collected via finger prick in regular intervals following juice and bread consumption (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min) and blood glucose levels determined using glucometer. Data were analysed using two-tailed paired t-test.

The consumption of beetroot juice in comparison to the sugar matched control drink reduced blood glucose levels significantly after 15, 30, 90 and 180 min (Fig 1, p < 0.05), demonstrating a reduction in peak and early phase as well as a delay in glycaemic response. All individuals responded to beetroot juice with a reduced or delayed blood glucose, however, to a differing extent which was not related to body weight or BMI.

* indicate significant differences (p < 0.05; t-test).

Fig. 1. Blood glucose concentration at baseline and following postprandial phase over 180 min. Values represent mean with SE of ten participants.

The lower blood glucose peak as well as a delayed glucose appearance indicate potential beneficial effects of beetroot juice consumption on postprandial glucose response which may relate to different mechanisms such as the inhibition of digestive enzymes, reduced and/or delayed glucose uptake, mechanisms that may involve betalain pigments, polyphenols as well as nitrates found in beet.