Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-7tdvq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-14T19:16:05.312Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Excavations at the Sarn-y-bryn-caled cursus complex, Welshpool, Powys, and the timber circles of Great Britain and Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Alex Gibson
Affiliation:
Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, 7A Church Street, Welshpool, Powys
S. H. R. Aldhouse-Green
Affiliation:
Dept. of Archaeology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff
M. Brownsett
Affiliation:
Wallace-Evans, Shire Hall, Mold, Clwyd
H. A. W. Burl
Affiliation:
2 Woodland Road, Northfield, Birminghams
N. Debenham
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific Research, British Museum, London
D. Hook
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific Research, British Museum, London
G. C. Morgan
Affiliation:
School of Archaeology, University of Leicester, Leicester
S. Stead
Affiliation:
Ratcliffe House, Ashwell, Hertfordshire
A. Vince
Affiliation:
City of Lincoln Archaeological Unit, Charlotte House, The Lawn, Union Road, Lincoln

Abstract

Excavations between November 1990 and February 1992 have produced important information on the date and development of the Sarn-y-bryn-caled cursus complex between 3000–2000 BC. In particular a timber circle of 2000 BC, two penannular ring-ditches and a section across the cursus monument were excavated. A radiocarbon sequence has been obtained. The results of the excavations are described in Part I. Part II comprises a discussion of the forms, dates, functions, and reconstruction of timber circles. A corpus of and chronology for timber circles is presented.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ainslie, R. & Wallis, J. 1987. Excavations on the Cursus at Drayton, Oxon. Oxoniensia 52, 19.Google Scholar
ApSimon, A. M., Musgrave, J. H., Sheldon, J., Tratman, E. K. & Wijngarden-Bakker, L. H. 1976. Gorsey Bigbury, Cheddar, Somerset, radiocarbon dating, human and animal bones, charcoals and archaeological reassessment. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 14(2), 155183.Google Scholar
Arnold, C. J. 1987. Ffridd Faldwyn, Montgomery: the Neolithic phase. Archaeologia Cambrensis 136, 3942.Google Scholar
Ashbee, P., Bell, M. & Proudfoot, E. 1989. Wilsford Shaft: Excavations 1960–62. London: English Heritage Excavation Report 11.Google Scholar
Atkinson, R. J. C. 1979. Stonehenge. Archaeology and Interpretation. Revised edition, Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Atkinson, R.J.C., Piggott, C.M. & Sandars, N.K. 1951. Excavations at Dorchester, Oxon. First Report. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum.Google Scholar
Barclay, G.J. 1983. Sites of the third millennium be to the first millennium ad at North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 113, 122281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barclay, G.J. & Maxwell, G.S. 1991. Excavation of a Neolithic long mortuary enclosure within the Roman legionary fortress at Inchtuthil, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 121, 2744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benéteau, G., Cros, J.-P. & Gilbert, J.-M. 1992. L'enclos campaniforme à monolithe(s) des Terriers à Avrillé (Vendée). Gallia Préhistoire 34, 259288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennison, B. 1983. An unfinished pebble–hammer from Beacon Ring, near Welshpool. Montgomeryshire Collections 71, 8889.Google Scholar
Blockley, K., Owen, G. & Owen, W. 1990. Excavations in the vicinity of Forden Gaer Roman fort, Powys, 1987. Montgomeryshire Collections 78, 1746.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1992. The gravels and British prehistory from the Neolithic to the early Iron Age. In Fulford, M. & Nichols, E. (eds), Developing Landscapes of Lowland Britain. The Archaeology of the Gravels: A Review, 1522. London: Society of Antiquaries.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. 1993. Altering the Earth. The Origins of Monuments in Britain and Continental Europe. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph 8.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. & Chambers, R. 1988. A new study of the cursus complex at Dorchester on Thames. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 7(3), 271289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britnell, W. J. 1982. Two round barrows at Trelystan, Powys. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 48, 133201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britnell, W. J. 1989. The Collfryn hillslope enclosure, Llansantffraid Deuddwr, Powys: excavations 1980–1982. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 55, 89134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britnell, W.J. & Savory, H. N. 1984. Gwernvale and Penywyrlod: Two Neolithic Long Cairns in the Black Mountains of Brecknock. Cardiff: Cambrian Archaeological Monograph 2.Google Scholar
Burgess, C. B. 1976. Meldon Bridge: a Neolithic defended promontory complex near Peebles. In Burgess, C. B. & Miket, R. F. (eds), Settlement and Economy in the Third and Second Millennia BC, 151179. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 33.Google Scholar
Burgess, C. B. & Miket, R. F. (eds). 1976. Settlement and Economy in the Third and Second Millennia BC. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 33.Google Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1969. Henges: internal features and regional groups. Archaeological Journal 126, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1976a. The Stone Circles of the British Isles. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1976b. Intimations of numeracy in the Neolithic and Bronze Age societies of the British Isles. Archaeological Journal 133, 932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1979. Prehistoric Avebury. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1983. Prehistoric Astronomy and Ritual. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications.Google Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1987. The Stonehenge People. London: Dent.Google Scholar
Burl, H. A. W. 1991. Prehistoric Henges. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications.Google Scholar
Case, H.J. 1952. The excavation of two round barrows at Poole, Dorset. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 18, 148159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Case, H.J. 1982. The linear ditches and southern enclosure, North Stoke, in Case, H. J. & Whittle, A.W.R. (eds), Settlement Patterns on the Oxford Region: Excavations at the Abingdon Causewayed Enclosure and Other Sites, 6075. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 44.Google Scholar
Case, H.J. & Whittle, A. W. R. (eds). 1982. Settlement Patterns on the Oxford Region: Excavations at the Abingdon Causewayed Enclosure and Other Sites. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 44.Google Scholar
Catherall, P. D. 1976. Excavations at Litton Cheney, Dorset, in Burgess, C. B., & Miket, R. F. (eds), Settlement and Economy in the Third and Second Millennia BC, 81100. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 33.Google Scholar
Catling, H.W. 1982. Six ring ditches at Standlake. In Case, H.J. & Whittle, A. W. R. (eds), Settlement Patterns on the Oxford Region: Excavations at the Abingdon Causewayed Enclosure and Other Sites, 88100. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 44.Google Scholar
CBA 1971. Archaeological Site Index to Radiocarbon Dates for Great Britain and Ireland. British Archaeological Abstracts Supplement. London: Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Clark, G. 1936. The timber monument at Arminghall and its affinities. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 2, 151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, D. L. 1970. The Beaker Pottery of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Clay, P. 1989. Out of the unknown: approaches to prehistoric archaeology in Leicestershire. In Gibson, A. M. (ed), Midlands Prehistory: Some Recent and Current Researches into the Prehistory of Central England, 111121. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 204.Google Scholar
Clay, P. nd. An Excavation at Burley Road, Oakham (SK867095). Interim Report. Leicester: Leicestershire Museums Archaeological Field Unit.Google Scholar
Cornwall, I. W. 1960. Thornborough cursus ditch: report on the soil samples. In F. de M. Vatcher, 1960, The Thornborough Cursus. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 40, 180181.Google Scholar
Cunnington, M. E. 1929. Woodhenge. Devizes: Simpson & Co.Google Scholar
Cunnington, M. E. 1931. The Sanctuary on Overton Hill, Avebury. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 45, 300335.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. C. 1989. Monuments Protection Programme Single Monument Class Description: Timber Circles. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Davies, D. 1857. Celtic sepulture on the mountains of Carno, Montgomeryshire. Archaeologia Cambrensis 3rd ser. 3, 301305.Google Scholar
Dixon, P. & Borne, P. 1977. Crickley Hill and Gloucestershire Prehistory. Gloucester: Crickley Hill Trust.Google Scholar
Eogan, G. & Roche, H. 1993. Neolithic ritual at Knowth? Archaeology in Ireland, 7(4), 1618.Google Scholar
Evans, J. G. 1984. Stonehenge — the environment in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age and a Beaker Age burial, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 78, 730.Google Scholar
Evans, J. G. & Wainwright, G. J. 1979. The Woodhenge excavations. In Wainwright, G. J., 1979, Mount Pleasant, Dorset: excavations 1970–71, 7174. London: Report of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 37.Google Scholar
Ferrell, G. 1990. A re-assessment of the prehistoric pottery from the 1952–62 excavations at Yeavering. Archaeologia Aeliana 18, 2949.Google Scholar
Ford, S. 1991. An early Bronze Age pit circle from Charnham Lane, Hungerford, Berkshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57(2), 179181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ford, W.J. 1969. Charlecote site No. 104: the rectilinear enclosure. Avon and Severn Valleys Research Project: Fifth Annual Report for 1977–8.Google Scholar
Ford, W.J. 1971. Carlecote. Annual Report of Excavations 1970. London: DoE, 5253.Google Scholar
French, C.A.I. 1991. Excavation of Deeping St Nicholas Barrow site 28, Lincolnshire. Antiquity 65, 580582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, C., Gdaniec, K. & Middleton, R. forthcoming. Etton landscape site 2. In French, C. and Pryor, F. (eds), Archaeology and Environment of the Etton Landscape, Fenland Archaeological Trust Monograph.Google Scholar
Gater, J. & Gaffney, C. 1989a. Report on Geophysical Survey, Welshpool By-pass, August 1989 (Survey 89/39). Unpublished report prepared for the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust.Google Scholar
Gater, J. & Gaffney, C. 1989b. Report on Geophysical Survey, Welshpool Cursus, August 1989 (Survey 89/40). Unpublished report prepared for the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust.Google Scholar
Gibson, A.M. 1982. Beaker Domestic Sites: A Study in the Domestic Pottery of the Late Third and Early Second Millennia BC in the British Isles. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 00.Google Scholar
Gibson, A. M. 1990a. Sarn-y-bryn-caled, Welshpool. Archaeology in Wales 30, 53.Google Scholar
Gibson, A.M. 1990b. The Peterborough Pottery from Ogmore, Gwent. Unpublished report prepared for the National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Gibson, A.M. 1991. The Excavation of a Timber Circle at Sarn-y-bryn-caled, Welshpool, November 1990–February 1991. Welshpool: Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust.Google Scholar
Gibson, A. M. 1992a. The timber circle at Sarn-y-bryn-caled, Welshpool, Powys. Ritual and sacrifice in Bronze Age mid-Wales. Antiquity 66, 8492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, A. M. 1992b. Possible timber circles at Dorchester on Thames. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 11.1, 8591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, A. M. forthcoming. Excavations at Pont-ar-Daf, Brecon Beacons, Powys: October 1989. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies.Google Scholar
Gibson, A. M. (ed.). 1989. Midlands Prehistory: Some Recent and Current Researches into the Prehistory of Central England. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 204.Google Scholar
Gibson, A. M. & Loveday, R. 1989. Excavations atthe cursus monument of Aston Upon Trent, Derbyshire, in Gibson, A.M. (ed.), Midlands Prehistory: Some Recent and Current Researches into the Prehistory of Central England, 2750. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 204.Google Scholar
Gibson, A. M. & Musson, C. R. 1990. A cropmark enclosure and a sherd of later Neolithic pottery from Brynderwen, Llandyssil, Powys. Montgomeryshire Collections 78, 1115.Google Scholar
Giffen, A.E van. 1930. Die Bauart der Einzelgraber, Vols 1 & 2. Leipzig: Mannus-Bibliothek.Google Scholar
Green, H. S. 1980. The Flint Arrowheads of the British Isles. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 75.Google Scholar
Grimes, W. F. 1938. A barrow on Breach Farm, Llanbleddian, Glamorgan. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 4, 107121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilbert, G. 1973. Moel-y-Gaer. Archaeology in Wales 13, 23.Google Scholar
Guilbert, G. 1975. Moel-y-Gaer. Archaeology in Wales 15, 33.Google Scholar
Haggarty, A. 1991. Machrie Moor, Arran: recent excavations at two stone circles. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 121, 5194.Google Scholar
Hampsher-Monk, I. & Abramson, P. 1982. Strichen. Current Archaeology 84, 1619.Google Scholar
Harding, A. F. 1981. Excavations in the prehistoric ritual complex near Milfield, Northumberland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 47, 87135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, A. F. & Lee, G. E. 1987. Henge Monuments and Related Sites of Great Britain. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 175.Google Scholar
Hartley, R. F. 1989. Aerial Archaeology in Leicestershire, in Gibson, A.M. (ed), 1989, Midlands Prehistory: Some Recent and Current Researches into the Prehistory of Central England, 95105. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 204.Google Scholar
Hedges, J.D. & Buckley, D.G. 1981. Springfield Cursus and the Cursus Problem. Chelmsford: Essex County Council.Google Scholar
Hedges, R.E.M., Housley, R.A., Bronk, C. R. & van Klinken, G.J. 1992. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry Datelist 14. Archaeometry 34.1, 141159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope-Taylor, B. 1977. Yeavering: An Anglo-British Centre of Early Northumbria. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Hutton, R. 1991. The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. London: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ingold, T. 1993. Globes and spheres. The topology of environmentalism. in Milton, K. (ed.), Environmentalism: the View from Anthropology, 3142. ASA Monograph 32, London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerman, H. N. 1932. The excavation of a barrow on Caebetin Hill, Kerry, Montgomeryshire. Montgomery Collections 42, 176181 Google Scholar
Jong, J. de & Wevers, H. 1993. Cirkels en zonnekalenders in Zwolle–Ittersumerbroek. Gemeente Zwolle.Google Scholar
Kilbride-Jones, H. E. 1950. The excavation of a composite early Iron Age monument with ‘henge’ features at Lugg, Co. Dublin. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 53C, 311332.Google Scholar
Kinnes, I.A. 1979. Round Barrows and Ring Ditches of the British Neolithic. London: British Museum Occasional Paper 7.Google Scholar
Kinnes, I. A., Gibson, A. M., Ambers, J., Bowman, S., Leese, M. & Boast, R. 1991. Radiocarbon dating and British beakers: the British Museum programme. Scottish Archaeological Review 8, 3568.Google Scholar
Lanting, J. N. & van der Waals, J. D. 1972. British beakers as seen from the Continent. Helinium 12, 2046.Google Scholar
Lawson, A.J. 1990. The prehistoric hinterland of Maiden Castle. Antiquaries Journal 70, 271287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lees, D. 1984. The Sanctuary: a Neolithic calendar? Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications 20, 109114.Google Scholar
Longworth, I. H. 1984. Collared Urns of the Bronze Age in Great Britian and Ireland. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Loveday, R. 1985. Cursuses and Related Monuments of the British Neolithic. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leicester.Google Scholar
Loveday, R. 1989. The Barford ritual complex: further excavations (1972) and a regional perspective, in Gibson, A.M. (ed), Midlands Prehistory: Some Recent and Current Researches into the Prehistory of Central England, 5184. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 204.Google Scholar
Lynch, F., Waddell, J., Allen, D. & Grealey, S. 1974. Brenig Valley excavations 1973 (interim report). Denbigh Historical Society Transactions 23, 964.Google Scholar
Lynch, F. 1993. Excavations in the Brenig Valley: a Mesolithic and Bronze Age Landscape in North Wales. Cambrian Archaeological Monograph 5. Cardiff: Cambrian Archaeological Association and Cadw, Welsh Historic Monuments.Google Scholar
Lynn, C.J. 1991. Knockaulin (Dun Ailinne) and Navan, some architectural comparisons. Emania 8, 5156.Google Scholar
Mercer, R.J. 1980. Hambledon Hill — a Neolithic Landscape. Edinburgh: University Press.Google Scholar
Mercer, R.J. 1981a The excavation of a late Neolithic henge-type enclosure at Balfarg, Markinch, Fife, Scotland, 1977–8. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 111, 63171.Google Scholar
Mercer, R.J. 1981b. Excavations at Cam Brae, Illogan, Cornwall, 1970–73, Cornish Archaeology 20, 1204.Google Scholar
Mercer, R.J., Barclay, G.J., Jordan, D. & Russell-White, C. J. 1988. The Neolithic henge-type enclosure at Balfarg—a re-assessment of the evidence for an incomplete ditch circuit. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 118, 6168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miket, R. F. 1985. Ritual enclosures at Whitton Hill, Northumberland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, 137148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, H. 1975. Barrows on the St Austell granite, Cornwall. Cornish Archaeology 14, 582.Google Scholar
Miles, H. & T.J., 1971. Excavation on Longstone Downs, St Stephen-in-Brannel and St Mewan. Cornish Archaeology 10, 528.Google Scholar
Musson, C. R. 1971. A study of possible building forms at Durrington Walls, Woodhenge and the Sanctuary. In Wainwright, G. J. & Longworth, I. H., Durrington Walls Excavations: 1966–68, 363377. London: Report of the Reasearch Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 29.Google Scholar
Musson, C. R. 1991. The Breiddin Hillfort: A Later Prehistoric Settlement in the Welsh Marches. London: Council for British Archaeology Research Report 76.Google Scholar
Musson, C.R., Britnell, W.J., Northover, J.P. & Salter, C. J. 1992. Excavations and metal-working at Llwyn Bryndinas hillfort, Llangedwyn, Clwyd. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, 265283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musson, C. R. & Northover, P. J., 1989. Llanymynech hillfort, Powys and Shropshire: observation on construction work, 1981. Montgomeryshire Collections 77, 1526.Google Scholar
Mustoe, R. S. 1988. Salvage excavation of a late Neolithic and early bronze age ritual site at Goldington, Bedford. A preliminary report. Bedfordshire Archaeology 18, 15.Google Scholar
Newman, C. 1993. The show's not over until the fat lady sings. Archaeology Ireland 7(4), 89.Google Scholar
Newman, T. G. 1976. A crop-mark site at Hasting Hill, Tyne and Wear. Archaeologia Aeliana 5th ser 4, 183184.Google Scholar
O'Neil, B. H. St. J. 1942. Excavations at Ffridd Faldwyn Camp, Montgomery, 1937–9. Archaeologia Cambrensis 97, 157.Google Scholar
Pearson, G. W. & Stuiver, M. 1986. A calibration curve for radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 28, 839862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, G. W. & Stuiver, M. 1993. High-precision bidecadal calibration of the radiocarbon time-scale, 500–2500 BC. Radiocarbon 35, 2533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S. 1940. Timber circles: a re-examination. Archaeological Journal 96, 193222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S. 19471948. Excavations at Cairnpapple Hill, West Lothian, 1947–8. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 82, 68123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S. 1975. The Druids. London: Book Club Associates.Google Scholar
Piggott, S. & Simpson, D.D.A. 1971. Excavation of a stone circle at Croft Moraig, Perthshire, Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 37, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, J. 1992. The Sanctuary, Overton Hill, Wiltshire: a re-examination. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, 213226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryor, F. M. 1984. Excavations at Fengate, Peterborough, England: The Fourth Report. Northamptonshire Archaeological Society Monograph 2; Royal Ontario Museum Monograph 7.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. M. 1987. An unusual new henge monument near Maxey, and other happenings in the Peterborough Fenlands. Fenland Research 4, 2732.Google Scholar
Richards, J. 1990. The Stonehenge Environs Project. London: English Heritage Archaeological Report 16.Google Scholar
Richards, C. & Thomas, J. 1984. Ritual activity and structured deposition in later Neolithic Wessex. In Bradley, R. & Gardiner, J. (eds), Neolithic Studies, 189218. Oxford: British Archaeological Report 133.Google Scholar
Ross, A. 1967. Pagan Celtic Britain: Studies in Iconography and Tradition. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ross, A. 1970. Everyday Life of the Pagan Celts. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Russell-White, C. 1988. Excavation of a Cropmark Site at Balneaves, Friockheim, Angus District. Central Excavation Unit and Ancient Monuments Laboratory Annual Report, 1988. Edinburgh: Historic Buildings and Monuments.Google Scholar
Russell-White, C. J., Lowe, C. E. & McCullagh, R. P. J. 1992. Excavations at three Early Bronze Age burial monuments in Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, 285323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savory, H. N. 1980. Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Scott, J. G. 19881989. The stone circles at Temple Wood, Kilmartin, Argyll. Glasgow Archaeological Journal 15, 53124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St. Joseph, J. K. 1980. Air reconnaissance: recent results 49. Antiquity 54, 4751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharples, N. M. 1991. Maiden Castle: Excavation and Field Survey 1985–6. London: English Heritage Archaeological Report 19.Google Scholar
Shennan, S.J., Healy, F. & Smith, I.J. 1985. The excavation of a ring ditch at Tye Field, Lawford, Essex. Archaeological Journal 142, 150215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, D.D.A. & Coles, J.M. 1990. Excavations at Grandtully, Perthshire, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 120, 3344.Google Scholar
Simpson, W. G. 1985. Excavations at Maxey, Bardyke Field, 1962–3. in Pryor, F.M. (ed.), Archaeology and Environment in the Lower Welland Valley, vol 2. Peterborough: East Anglian Archaeology Report 27, 245264.Google Scholar
Smith, I. F. 1965. Windmill Hill and Avebury: Excavations by Alexander Keiller 1925–39. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Smith, R.J.C., Healy, F.M. A., Allen, M.J. & Woodward, P. J. forthcoming. Excavations along the Route of the Dorchester Bypass 1986–88. London: English Heritage Archaeological Report.Google Scholar
Stanford, S. C. 1982. Bromfield, Shropshire — Neolithic, Beaker and Bronze Age sites, 1966–79. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 48, 279320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Startin, W. 1978. Linear pottery culture houses: reconstruction and manpower. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 44, 143160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stead, I. M., Bourke, J. E. & Brothwell, D. 1986. Lindow Man — the Body in the Bog. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Stewart, M. E. C. 1985. The excavation of a henge, stone circles and metal working area at Moncrieffe, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 115, 125150.Google Scholar
Stuart, J. 18571860. Note of incised marks on one of a circle of standing stones in the island of Lewis. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 3, 212214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M. & Pearson, G.W. 1993. High-precision calibration of the radiocarbon time-scale, AD 1950–500 BC and 2500–6000 BC. Radiocarbon 35, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M. & Reimer, P.J. 1993. Extended 14C data base and revised Calib 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35, 215230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweetman, P. D. 1987. Excavation of a Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age site at Newgrange, Co. Meath. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 87C, 283298.Google Scholar
Taylor, M. P. & Lewin, J. 1993. Alluvial Stratigraphy and Floodplain Development at Welshpool. University of Wales, Aberystwyth: Institute of Earth Studies. Unpublished report prepared for Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust.Google Scholar
Thom, A. 1967. Megalithic Sites in Britain. Oxford: University Press.Google Scholar
Topping, P. 1982. Excavation at the cursus at Scorton, North Yorkshire, 1978. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 54, 721.Google Scholar
Topping, P. 1992. The Penrith henges: a survey by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments of England. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, 249264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turnbull, P. 1991. Excavations at Oddendale, 1990: Interim Summary. County Planning Dept Cumbria County Council.Google Scholar
Varley, W.J. 1938. The Bleasdale circle. Antiquaries Journal 18, 154171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vyner, B. E. 1988. The Street House Wossit: The excavation of a late Neolithic and early Bronze Age palisaded ritual monument at Street House, Loftus, Cleveland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54, 173202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wailes, B. 1990. Dun Ailinne: a summary excavation report. Emania 7, 1021.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1979. Mount Pleasant, Dorset: Excavations 1970–71 London: Report of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, G.J., Evans, J.G. & Longworth, I. H. 1971. The excavation of a late Neolithic enclosure at Marden, Wiltshire. Antiquaries Journal 51, 177239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. & Longworth, I.H. 1971. Durrington Walls Excavations: 1966–68. London: Report of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 29.Google Scholar
Warrilow, W., Owen, G. & Britnell, W.J. 1986. Eight ring ditches at Four Crosses, Llandysilio, Powys, 1981–85. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 52, 5387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterbolk, H.T. & Zeist, W. van 1961. A Bronze Age sanctuary in the raised bog at Bargeroosterveld (Dr.). Helinium 1, 519.Google Scholar
Webster, G. & Hobley, B. 1964. Aerial reconnaisance over the Warwickshire Avon. Archaeological Journal 121, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, R. B. 1977. Rhosgoch to Stanlow Shell Oil Pipeline. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 27.3, 463490.Google Scholar
Whittle, A. W. R. 1992. Excavations at West Kennet, near Avebury, 1992. Preliminary Report. Privately circulated.Google Scholar
Whittle, A.W.R., Atkinson, R.J.C., Chambers, R. & Thomas, N. 1992. Excavations in the Neolithic and Bronze Age complex at Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, 1947–1952 and 1981. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, 143201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, P. J., Davies, S. M. & Graham, A. 1993. Excavations at Greyhound Yard and the Old Methodist Chapel, Dorchester 1981–84. Dorchester: Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society Monograph 12.Google Scholar
Woodward, P.J. & Smith, R. J. C. 1987. Survey and excavation along the route of the southern Dorchester by-pass, 1986–7 — An Interim Report. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 109, 7989.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Gibson supplementary material

Gibson supplementary material

Download Gibson supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 23 MB