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Beethoven as a Choral Composer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 1970

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Extract

Here are the complaints about Beethoven as a choral composer which are so well known, particularly by those of us who have sung in performances of these two giant works. And yet may we thank God for Beethoven's obstinacy! In this century we have slowly come of age: lay audiences accept and cherish these two works, and responsible musicians consider the adequate preparation of the music, so clearly understood by Berlioz over a hundred years ago, as a sacred duty. Sopranos in particular, on whom Beethoven makes by far the greatest demands, have learned a combination of breath control and neutralized vocal sounds to sustain, for example, successive high B flats, so that passages like ‘sedes ad dexteram’ or ‘et vitam venturi’ in the Missa Solemnis are sung without that lessening of ‘volume and energy’ lamented by Berlioz.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1971 The Royal Musical Association and the Authors

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References

1 Berlioz, H., A travers chants, 2nd edn., Paris, 1872, p. 62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Schindler, A. F., Beethoven As I Knew Him, ed. D. W. MacArdle, tr. C. S. Jolly, London, 1966, p. 283.Google Scholar

3 Editorial by Paul Henry Lang, The Musical Quarterly, lxvi (1970), 509.Google Scholar

4 Willy Hess, ‘Zu Beethovens Hochzeitslied vom Jahre 1819’, Die Musikforschung, xiii (1960), 323–5.Google Scholar

5 Thayer, A. W., Ludwig van Beethovens Leben, iv (ed. H. Deiters & H. Riemann, Leipzig, 1907), 521. See also Cecil B. Oldman, ‘A Beethoven Friendship’, Music & Letters, xvii (1936), 328–36.Google Scholar

6 Biographie von Ludwig van Beethoven, 3rd edn., Munster, 1860, pp. 1415.Google Scholar

7 See Forbes, Elliot, ‘Stürzet nieder, Millionen’, Studies in Music History (Essays for Oliver Strunk), ed. H. S. Powers, Princeton, 1968, pp. 449–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8 Ed. Willy Hess (Beethoven: Supplemente zur Gesamtausgabe, i), Wiesbaden, 1959.Google Scholar

9 Ibid., p. 33.Google Scholar

10 Kinsley, G., Das Werk Beethovens, ed. H. Halm, Munich, 1955, p. 354.Google Scholar

11 Zweite Beethoveniana, Leipzig, 1887, pp. 309–10, 317–18.Google Scholar

12 The Letters of Beethoven, tr. and ed. Emily Anderson, London, 1961, iii. 997.Google Scholar

13 Ibid., footnote 3.Google Scholar

14 Cf. bar 160 of Requiem et Kyrie on the last syllable of ‘luceat’; or again, the unexpected burst of the sopranos upwards into three parts on the second syllable of ‘favilla’ in bar 78 of Dies irae.Google Scholar