Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T07:33:46.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Interactions between micro-organisms on skin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

W. C. Noble
Affiliation:
Department of Bacteriology, The Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Homerton Grove, London E9 6BX
Get access

Synopsis

The mechanisms of interaction are discussed in general terms; this is followed by a review of interaction which may occur in tinea paedis.

The production of penicillin-like and other antibiotics by dermatophyte fungi in lesions of athletes foot may result in the selection of an antibiotic-resistant bacterial flora which, perhaps by production of antibiotic or other secondary metabolites, can reduce the viability of the fungi. The effect on the host is to bring about a change from a fungal skin lesion which is dry and scaly to a bacterial lesion which is macerated and malodorous.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aly, R., Maibach, H. I., Shinefield, H. R., Mandel, A. and Strauss, W. G. 1974. Bacterial interference among strains of Staphylococcus aureus in man. J. Infect. Dis., 129, 720724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aly, R., Shinefield, H. R., Strauss, W. G. and Maibach, H. I., 1977. Bacterial adherence to nasal mucosal cells. Infect. Immun., 17, 546549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bibel, D. J. and LeBrun, J. R., 1975. Effect of experimental dermatophyte infection on cutaneous flora. J. Invest. Derm., 64, 119123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bibel, D. J. and Smiljanic, R. J., 1979. Interactions of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and micrococci on skin culture. J. Invest Derm., 72, 133137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahiya, R. S. and Speck, M. L., 1968. Hydrogen peroxide formation by lactobacilli and its effect on Staphylococcus aureus. J. Dairy Sci., 51, 15681572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilliland, S. E. and Speck, M. L., 1974. Antagonism of lactic streptococci towards Staphylococcus aureus in associative milk cultures. Appl. Microbiol., 28, 10901093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haavik, H. I., 1975. On the function of the polypeptide antibiotic Bacitracin in the producer strain Bacillus licheniformis. Acta. Path. Microbiol. Scand. B, 83, 519524.Google ScholarPubMed
King, R. D., Dillavou, C. L., Greenberg, J. H., Jeppsen, J. C. and Jaegar, J. S., 1976. Identification of carbon dioxide as a dermatophyte inhibitory factor produced by Candida albicans. Can. J. Microbiol., 22, 17201727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ko, H. L., Heczko, P. B. and Pulverer, G., 1978. Differential susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes, P, granulosum and P. avidum to free fatty acids. J. Invest. Derm., 71, 363365.Google ScholarPubMed
Leyden, J. J. and Kligman, A. M., 1978. Interdigital athletes foot. Arch. Derm., 114, 14661472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liljemark, W. F. and Gibbons, R. J., 1973. Suppression of Candida albicans by human oral streptococci in gnotobiotic mice. Infect. Immun., 8, 846849.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lloyd, D. H., 1978. Effect of climate on the microbial ecology of the skin of cattle and sheep. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Marsh, P. D. and Selwyn, S., 1977. Studies on antagonism between human skin bacteria. J. Med. Micro., 10, 161169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milyani, R. M. and Selwyn, S., 1978. Quantitative studies on competitive activities of skin bacteria growing on solid medium. J. Med. Micro., 11, 379386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore-Landecker, E. and Stotsky, G. 1972. Inhibition of fungal growth and sporulation by volatile metabolites from bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol., 18, 957962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, C. T., 1975. Nutrient materials and the growth of bacteria on human skin. Trans. St John's Hosp. Derm. Soc., 61, 5157.Google ScholarPubMed
Naidoo, J. and Noble, W. C., 1978a. Transfer of gentamicin resistance between strains of Staphylococcus aureus on skin. J. Gen. Micro., 107, 391393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naidoo, J. and Noble, W. C., 1978b. Acquisition of antibiotic resistance by Staphylococcus aureus in skin patients. J. Clin. Path., 31, 11871192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naidoo, J. and Noble, W. C., 1980. Transmission of plasmids between staphylococci on skin. Proceedings of the IV International Congress on Staphylococci and Staphylococcal Infection, in press.Google Scholar
Nath, K. R. and Wagner, B. J., 1973. Stimulation of lactic acid bacteria by a Micrococcus isolate: evidence for multiple effects. Appl. Microbiol., 26, 4955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishimura, N., Shibatani, T., Kakimoto, T. and Chibata, I. 1974. Production of Coenzyme A by Sarcina lutea. Appl. Microbiol., 28, 117123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, W. C., 1981. Microbiology of Human Skin, 2nd Edn. London: Lloyd-Luke.Google Scholar
Noble, W. C. and Naidoo, J., 1978. Evolution of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: the role of the skin. Br. J. Derm., 98, 481489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, W. C. and Willie, J. A., 1980a. Interactions between antibiotic-producing and non-producing staphylococci in skin surface and sub-surface models. Brit. J. Exp. Path., in press.Google Scholar
Noble, W. C. and Willie, J. A., 1980b. Carriage of inhibitor-producing organisms on human skin. J. Med. Microbiol., 13, 329332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pitcher, D. G., 1978. Aerobic cutaneous coryneforms: recent taxonomic findings. Br. J. Derm., 98, 363370.Google ScholarPubMed
Savage, D. C., 1969. Microbial interference between indigenous yeast and lactobacilli in the rodent stomach. J. Bact., 98, 12781283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selwyn, S., 1975. Natural antibiosis among skin bacteria as a primary defence against infection. Br. J. Derm., 93, 487493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharpe, M. E., Law, B. A., Phillips, B. A. and Pitcher, D. G., 1978. Methanethiol production by coryneform bacteria: strains from dairy and human skin sources and Brevibddcterium linens. J. Gen. Micro., 101, 345349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. M. B. and Marples, M. J., 1964. A natural reservoir of penicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Nature, Lond., 201, 844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. M. B. and Marples, M. J., 1965. Dermatophyte lesions in the hedgehog as a reservoir of penicillin-resistant staphylococci. J. Hyg., Camb., 63, 293303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tagg, J. R., Dajani, A. S. and Wannamaker, L. W., 1976. Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria. Bact. Rev., 40, 722756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallerström, A., 1968. Production of antibiotics by Epidermophyton floccosum 2. Microflora in Epidermophyton infected skin and its resistance to antibiotics produced by the fungus. Acta. Path. Microbiol. Scand., 74, 531542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walstad, D. L., Reitz, R. C. and Sparling, P. F., 1974. Growth inhibition among strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to production of inhibitory free fatty acids and lysophosphatidyl-ethanolamine: absence of bacteriocins. Infect. Immun., 10, 481488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Youssef, N., Wyborn, C. H. E., Holt, G., Noble, W. C. and Clayton, Y. M., 1978. Antibiotic production by dermatophyte fungi. J. Gen. Micro., 105, 105111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Youssef, N., Wyborn, C. H. E., Holt, G., Noble, W. C. and Clayton, Y. M., 1979. Ecological effects of antibitic production by dermatophyte fungi. J. Hyg., Camb., 83, 301307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar