Hostname: page-component-6d856f89d9-5pczc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T08:54:17.140Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

IV.—On the Biology of a herbivorous Fish, the White Amur or Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2012

C. F. Hickling
C. F. Hickling
Affiliation:
Tropical Fish Culture Research Institute, Malacca.
Get access

Synopsis

The important macrophyte-feeding cyprinid fish Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., the White Amur or Grass Carp, is native to temperate climates. The present paper is concerned with its biology when transplanted to Malacca, a tropical research station in latitude 2° 17′ N.

At this station, the fish has a faster growth-rate, and may mature at an earlier age and smaller size, than in its native habitat. There are no marked seasonal changes at Malacca, and in these conditions the Grass Carp shows no spawning cycle, but some fish are ripe at any time of the year. While the testes of the males appear to develop normal milt, the ovaries in the fish examined seldom produced as many eggs as in their native habitat, and the eggs themselves have been shown to be mostly defective and to undergo early atresion.

Consequently, though the ovulation of eggs of normal size was induced by pituitary injection in nineteen out of forty-eight trials, no success was got in the artificial fertilization of the eggs, though elsewhere success has been got in 25 per cent and more of trials. It is suggested that this fish may need the external stimuli which are associated with its natural spawning season to develope normal fertile eggs.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , 1967 , pp. 62 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References to Literature

Aliev, D. C., 1961. “Experiments in Breeding of Far Eastern Fish in the Conditions of Turkmenia”, Vop. Ikhtiol., 1, 21–28 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Alikhuni, K. H., and Sukumaran, K. K., 1964. “Preliminary Observations on Chinese Carps in India”, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B, 60, 171–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alikhuni, K. H., Sukumaran, K. K., and Parameswaram, S., 1962. “Induced Spawning of the Chinese Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (C & V) and the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (C & V) in Ponds at Cuttack”, Proc. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Coun. 10th Sess., 2, 181–204.Google Scholar
Alikhuni, K. H., 1965. “Observations on the Growth, Maturity, and Breeding of induced-bred pond-reared Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus in India during July 1962 to August 1962”, Bull. Cent. Inst. Fish. Educ, Bombay, 2, 1–20.Google Scholar
Anon, , 1961. Freshwater Fish Culture in China. Sci. Press, Acad. Sinica (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Chen, T. P., 1934. “A Preliminary Study on Association of Species in Kwangtung Fishponds”, Lingnan Sci., 13, 275–283.Google Scholar
Hickling, C. F., 1960. “Observations on the Growth Rate of the Chinese Grass Carp”, Malay. Agric. J., 43, 49–53.Google Scholar
Hickling, C. F., 1965. “Biological Control of Aquatic Vegetation”, Pest Artie. News Summs, C, 11, 237–244.Google Scholar
Hickling, C. F., 1966. “The Artificial Inducement of Spawning in the Grass Carp”, Proc. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Coun. 12th Sess., 2, 236–243.Google Scholar
Inaba, D., Nomura, M., and Nakamura, M., 1957. “Preliminary Report on the Spawning of Grass Carp and Silver Carp in the Tone River”, J. Tokyo Univ. Fish., 43, 81–96.Google Scholar
Konradt, A. G., 1966. “Methods of Breeding the Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) and the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.) “, FAO World Symp. Warm-water Pond Fish Culture, Rome, Paper FR-IV/E-9.Google Scholar
Kurth, D. E., 1964. “Maturation Studies and Spawning Induction”, Rep. Trop. Fish Cult. Res. Inst., Malacca, 1964, 17–18.Google Scholar
Lin, S. Y., 1935. “Life-History of Waan Yue”, Lingnan Sci. J., 14, 129–135; 271–274.Google Scholar
Lin, S. Y., 1940. “Fish Culture in Ponds in the New Territories of Hong Kong”,.J. Hong Kong Fish. Res. Sta. I, 161–193.Google Scholar
Lin, S. Y., 1965. “Induced Spawning of Chinese Carps by Pituitary Injection in Taiwan”, Fish. Ser. Chin.-Amer. Jt Commn Rur. Reconstruction, 5, 1–31.Google Scholar
Makeeva, A. P., 1963. “On the Maturation of Female White Amur.… in the Amur Basin”, Symp. Probl. Fish. Exploit, of Plant-Eating Fishes in the Water-Bodies of the USSR, Ashkhabad, 76–83. Acad. Sci. Turkmen SSR (in Russian).Google Scholar
Nikolsky, G. V., 1956. Fishes of the Amur Basin. Acad. Sci. USSR (in Russian).Google Scholar
Prikhod'ko, V. A., and Nosal, A. D., 1963. “An Attempt at Obtaining Young White Amur and Tolstolobik in the ‘Nivka’ Fish Farm”, Symp. Probl. Fish. Exploit, of Plant-Eating Fishes in the Water-Bodies of the USSR, Ashkhabad, 138–144. Acad. Sci. Turkmen SSR (in Russian).Google Scholar
Slack, H. D., 1962. “The Maturation of the Chinese Grass Carp in Tropical Waters”, Malay. Agric. J., 43, 299–307.Google Scholar
Tang, Y. A., 1963. “Report of Investigations of Spawning of Chinese Carp in Ah Kung Tien Reservoir”, Bull. Taiwan Fish. Res. Inst., 8, 1–30 (in Chinese; English summary).Google Scholar
Vinogradov, V. K., 1966. “Techniques of Rearing Phytophagous Fishes”, FAO World Symp. Warm-water Pond Fish Culture, Rome, Paper FR-VIII/E-5.Google Scholar
Wu, H. W., and Chung, Ling., 1964. “Progress and Achievements in the Artificial Spawning of Four Farm Fishes in China”, Contr. 1964 Peking Symp., Gen 160, 203–218.Google Scholar
Yashouv, A., 1956. “Acclimatisation of new Species in the Fishponds of the Station”, Bamidgeh, 10, 75–80.Google Scholar