Our systems are now restored following recent technical disruption, and we’re working hard to catch up on publishing. We apologise for the inconvenience caused. Find out more: https://www.cambridge.org/universitypress/about-us/news-and-blogs/cambridge-university-press-publishing-update-following-technical-disruption
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2014
1. When the univalent anions (of potassium salts) are arranged according to their precipitation concentration for a ferric hydroxide sol the sequence is lyotrope:
A, CNS, Cl, Br, NO3, ClO3, I.
The concentrations range from 0·01 for acetate to 0·093 for iodide; thiocyanate alone is in an unusual position.
The order for kations is also lyotrope:
Li, Na, Mg, K, Rb, NH4, Ca. The concentration range is much smaller, from 0·037 for lithium to 0·055 for ammonium.
2. The pairs of univalent-bivalent kations—Li. and Mg¨, K. and Ca¨—show no trace of antagonistic action in the precipitation of Fe(OH)3 sol—the results being strictly ADDITIVE.
3. The pair of univalent-bivalent anions—ClO3′ and SO4″—on the contrary, show a well-marked ADJUVANT action, which amounts to 50 per cent.
4. The effect of salts on the opalescence temperature of a phenol-water system (10 to 11 per cent, phenol) is lyotrope, and is very marked at a concentration of 0·04 n. The order is—
Anions … C1, Br, NO3, I, CNS
Kations ‥ Na, Li, K, NH4
The effect of the valency of the ion is slight, or non-existent.
5. A preliminary account is given of a method which promises to provide a simple and reliable means of determining the amount of “free” and “bound” water in a solution (applicable to electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, and apparently to colloidal solutions, as e.g. gum arabic).
6. An explanation of the Lyotrope Effect is put forward.
page 198 note * See Michaelis, , The Effects of Ions in Colloidal Systems, Baltimore. 1925, p. 82.Google Scholar
page 198 note † ibid., p. 106; also Neuschloss, , Pflügers Arch. f. d. Ges. Phys., 181, 17, 1920CrossRefGoogle Scholar; 187, 136, 1921.
page 198 note ‡ Clowes, , Journ. Physical Chem., 20, 407, 1916CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Haskins, , Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc., 48, 69, 1926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 199 note * Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., 45, 323, 1925.
page 200 note * This value is somewhat greater than that previously found (·025 n.) for sodium chloride. The difference is due to a slow time-change in the sol during the long interval.
page 201 note * Gann, , Kolloidchem., Beiheft 8, 125, 1916Google Scholar.
page 202 note * From this point onwards a different Fe(OH)3 sol was employed; hence the different values for NaCl, etc.
page 205 note * Science, 57, 724, 1923; Kolloid-Zeitschr., 33, 131, 1923.
page 209 note * For other available methods see Newton, and Gartner, , Bot. Gaz., 74, 442, 1922CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Thoenes, , Biochem. Zeitschr., 157, 174, 1925.Google Scholar
