page 297 note * III. 46, 5. This was the old reading ; for cunctos Key reads cuneos.

page 297 note † XVI. (2).

page 297 note ‡ Cæsar, Bell. Civ. i. 57.

page 298 note * Julius Cæsar, lxviii.

page 298 note † Vita Agricolæ, 36.

page 298 note ‡ See Livy, viii. 8; and Dict. Ant., “Scutum” and “Clipeus.”

page 298 note § Chapters 14 and 21.

page 298 note ‖ The semi-cylindrical scutum with its boss is well shown in the monument of C. Valerius Crispus. See Lindenschmit, Tracht und Bewaffnung des Römischen Hecres während der Kaiserzeit, Tafel iv. No. 1.

page 299 note * A largo proportion of the shields depicted on Trajan's column (casts of which may be seen at South Kensington) are of flat oval shape, and each provided with a prominent central boss.

page 299 note † Homer, Iliad, xv. 645.

page 299 note ‡ Ib., vi. 116–118, Pope's Translation.

page 299 note § Ib., vii. 238, Lord Derby's Translation.

page 299 note ‖ Journal of Hellenic Studies, iv. p. 283.

page 299 note ¶ Homer, Iliad, viii. 267 and 272. Agamemnon's shield had its central omphalos of “Kyanos ” surrounded by twenty other bosses of tin (Iliad, xi. 34, 35.). This is illustrated by Helbig (Das Hom, Epos., 2nd edition, p. 320) by a comparison with a shield found in Denmark, which had a large central boss surrounded by smaller ones.

page 300 note * ὑμεĩς , ὦ γυμντες, ὑπ᾽ σπδος `λλοθεν ἄλλος πτώσσοντες, μεγλοις σφλλετε χερμαδοις.—Fragmenta, ii. 35, 36.

page 300 note † μηρος τε, κνημς τε κτω, κι στρνα, κι μους σπδος υρεης γαστρι καλυΨμενος. Ib., 23, 24.

page 300 note ‡ See Schliemann's Tiryns ; and Helbig, Das Homerische Epos, p. 196, Fig. 51.

page 300 note § Op. cit., p. 311.

page 300 note ‖ Mittheilungend, archæeol, Inst. Athenische Abtheilung. 1892.

page 300 note ¶ Case 96.

page 301 note * Journal of Hellenic Studies, iv. 284.

page 301 note † There is a fine example at South Kensington.

page 301 note ‡ Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians ; new edition, revised by Birch ; chap. iii. p. 202.

page 301 note § Ib., p. 201.

page 301 note ‖ Ib., pp. 199, 200.

page 301 note ¶ See Figs. 165 and 168 in Maspero, L'archéologie Egyptienne.

page 301 note ** ποδρεσι, vi. 2, 10.

page 302 note * VII. i. 33, 34.

page 302 note † Xen., Anabasis, i. 8, 9.

page 302 note ‡ See Helbig, op. cit., pp. 132, 133.

page 302 note § No. 22 in the Kouyunjik Gallery, British Museum.

page 302 note ‖ Ib., No. 45.

page 302 note ¶ Ib., No. 48.

page 302 note ** See wall-cases 81–83 in Assyrian Room, British Museum.

page 302 note †† Julius Cæsar, 68.

page 303 note * P. 2071.

page 303 note † Dr. Albert Müller (in Baumeister's Denkmäler, p. 2072) remarks that all other shield-bosses that have come down to us are round, though rectangular examples arc to be seen on monuments, as that of Valerius Crispus, who, like the owner of the shield in question, belonged to the Eighth Legion. Cf. Lindonsschmit, loc. cit.

page 303 note ‡ See Lindenschmit, Die Alterthümer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit, Fünftes Heft, Tafel v. Nos. 1 and 2.

page 303 note § See Baumeister, Denkmäler, pp. 1280–1285.

page 304 note * Pausanias, i. 25, 2 ; and Baumeister, Denkmäler, p. 1241.

page 304 note † XXII. 46.

page 304 note ‡ “Britanni ingentibus gladüs et brevibus cetris” ¨¨. and “Parva scuta et enormes gladios gerentibus.” Vita Agricolæ, 36. The cetra is compared by Livy with the pelta, and appears to have been made of hide without metal. Though Tacitus here indifferently applies both terms, cetra and scutum, to the same object, they were carefully distinguished by more exact writers, as by Cæsar in his enumeration of the forces opposed to him in Spain: “Erant ¨¨ præterea scutatæ citerioris provinceæ, et cetratæ ulterioris Hispaniæ cohortes circiter octoginta ” De Bello Civili, i. 39.

page 304 note § In wall-cases 12 and 13.

page 304 note ‖ Archacolgia, xxxviii. p. 331.

page 304 note ¶ Ib., xxxix. p. 135.

page 305 note * Das Germanische Todtenlager bei Selzen.

page 305 note † Fünftes Heft, Tafel vi.

page 305 note ‡ No. 12 in Pl, xx. is from Selzen.

page 305 note § Cod. Cotton. Cleop., c. 8 ; Aurelius Prudentius de virtutibus et vitiis. ‘Litteris Saxonicis et picturis.’

page 305 note ‖ See Collingwood Brace's Bayeux Tapestry.

page 305 note ¶ Noni Marcelli De compenidosa Doctrina, 82, 13. In Facciolati queat is wrongly given in place of nequeat, and the cetra accordingly said to be never round.

page 306 note * Archaeologia, xxxix. p. 136.

page 306 note † Archaeologia, xxix. p. 348.

page 306 note ‡ Ib., p. 352.

page 306 note § P. 356. See Plate xxxiv. fig. 6.

page 306 note ‖ See Plate xxxv. fig. 1.

page 306 note ¶ In Hewitt's Ancient Armour a figure (No. 134) “from the Roll of the Funeral Procession of Sir Philip Sydney in 1586 ” represents one of the “Cytizens of London practised in Armes ”—a “Targetier ”—who has a very sharply spiked boss.

page 306 note ** See Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th edition. “Arms and Armour,” by J. Anderson. In the Mediaeval Room at the Brit. Mus. (wallcase 6) is a buckler about one foot in diameter, with spiked boss and three concentric rings of iron.

page 307 note * See wallcases 12 and 10 of the Ethnographical Gallery.

page 307 note † See wallcase 108.

page 307 note ‡ The small Cyprian bronze buckler from Amathus with its long spike, though called Oriental, may indeed be claimed as Greek with equal reason. For its schema of lion devouring bull is as much at home on the Acropolis of Athens as on the palace walls of Persepolis.

page 307 note § See De Baye's Industrial Arts of the Anglo-Saxons (translation by Harbottle, p. 33).