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Altered effective connectivity from the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex to the laterobasal amygdala mediates the relationship between internet gaming disorder and loneliness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2020

Min Wang Open the ORCID record for Min Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Ningning Zeng ,
Hui Zheng ,
Xiaoxia Du ,
Marc N. Potenza  and
Guang-Heng Dong Open the ORCID record for Guang-Heng Dong [Opens in a new window]
Min Wang
Affiliation:
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR, China
Ningning Zeng
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR, China
Hui Zheng
Affiliation:
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR, China
Xiaoxia Du
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR, China
Marc N. Potenza
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
Guang-Heng Dong*
Affiliation:
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR, China Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR, China
*
Author for correspondence: Guang-Heng Dong, E-mail: dongguangheng@hznu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Background

Individual with internet gaming disorder (IGD) often experience a high level of loneliness, and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that amygdala function is associated with both IGD and loneliness. However, the neurobiological basis underlying these relationships remains unclear.

Methods

In the current study, Granger causal analysis was performed to investigate amygdalar subdivision-based resting-state effective connectivity differences between 111 IGD subjects and 120 matched participants with recreational game use (RGUs). We further correlated neuroimaging findings with clinical measures. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether amygdalar subdivision-based effective connectivity mediated the relationship between IGD severity and loneliness.

Results

Compared with RGUs, IGD subjects showed inhibitory effective connections from the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) to the left laterobasal amygdala (LBA) and from the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the left LBA, as well as an excitatory effective connection from the left middle prefrontal gyrus (MFG) to the right superficial amygdala. Further analyses demonstrated that the left pACC-left LBA effective connection was negatively correlated with both Internet Addiction Test and UCLA Loneliness scores, and it mediated the relationship between the two.

Conclusion

IGD subjects and RGUs showed different connectivity patterns involving amygdalar subdivisions. These findings support a neurobiological mechanism for the relationship between IGD and loneliness, and suggest targets for therapeutic approaches that could be used to treat IGD.

Keywords

Amygdalaemotional regulationgranger causalityinternet gaming disorderloneliness
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , March 2022 , pp. 737 - 746
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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