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COMPARING DIRECT CARBONATE AND STANDARD GRAPHITE 14C DETERMINATIONS OF BIOGENIC CARBONATES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2021

Jordon Bright Open the ORCID record for Jordon Bright [Opens in a new window] ,
Chris Ebert ,
Matthew A Kosnik ,
John R Southon ,
Katherine Whitacre ,
Paolo G Albano ,
Carola Flores ,
Thomas K Frazer ,
Quan Hua Open the ORCID record for Quan Hua [Opens in a new window]  and
Michal Kowalewski
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Jordon Bright*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ86011, USA
Chris Ebert
Affiliation:
Center for Ecosystem Sciences and Society, and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
Matthew A Kosnik
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales2109, Australia
John R Southon
Affiliation:
Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory, Department of Earth System Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
Katherine Whitacre
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ86011, USA
Paolo G Albano
Affiliation:
Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
Carola Flores
Affiliation:
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Av. Ossandón 877, C.P. 1781681, Coquimbo, Chile Departmento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
Thomas K Frazer
Affiliation:
School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Quan Hua
Affiliation:
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW2232, Australia
Michal Kowalewski
Affiliation:
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Julieta C Martinelli
Affiliation:
School of Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98105, USA
David Oakley
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
Wesley G Parker
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221, USA
Michael Retelle
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Bates University, Lewiston, ME04240, USA
Matias do Nascimento Ritter
Affiliation:
Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Imbé, 95625-00, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Marcelo M Rivadeneira
Affiliation:
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Av. Ossandón 877, C.P. 1781681, Coquimbo, Chile Departmento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Departmento de Biología, Universidad de la Serena, Av. Raul Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile
Daniele Scarponi
Affiliation:
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, I-40126Bologna, Italy
Yurena Yanes
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221, USA
Martin Zuschin
Affiliation:
Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
Darrell S Kaufman
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ86011, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: Jordon.Bright@nau.edu.
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Abstract

The direct carbonate procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of submilligram samples of biogenic carbonate without graphitization is becoming widely used in a variety of studies. We compare the results of 153 paired direct carbonate and standard graphite 14C determinations on single specimens of an assortment of biogenic carbonates. A reduced major axis regression shows a strong relationship between direct carbonate and graphite percent Modern Carbon (pMC) values (m = 0.996; 95% CI [0.991–1.001]). An analysis of differences and a 95% confidence interval on pMC values reveals that there is no significant difference between direct carbonate and graphite pMC values for 76% of analyzed specimens, although variation in direct carbonate pMC is underestimated. The difference between the two methods is typically within 2 pMC, with 61% of direct carbonate pMC measurements being higher than their paired graphite counterpart. Of the 36 specimens that did yield significant differences, all but three missed the 95% significance threshold by 1.2 pMC or less. These results show that direct carbonate 14C dating of biogenic carbonates is a cost-effective and efficient complement to standard graphite 14C dating.

Keywords

biogenic carbonatedirect carbonate 14C AMSstandard graphite 14C AMS
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 387 - 403
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

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