Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-01T02:27:13.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

CALL from an ecological perspective: How a teacher perceives affordance and fosters learner agency in a technology-mediated language classroom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2017

Qian Liu
Affiliation:
Hangzhou Normal University, MainlandChina (email: tracy850604@hotmail.com)
Chin-Chi Chao
Affiliation:
National Chengchi University, Taiwan (email: cchao@nccu.edu.tw)

Abstract

The possibility of exploiting technology for more robust and meaningful learning and teaching has invoked messianic responses from the language education community. Yet to be explored are teachers’ pedagogical choices based on the perceived technological affordances as well as interactions between teacher and student agency mediated by these affordances in the ecology of a classroom. This qualitative case study adopts an ecological approach, aiming to address rather than factor out the broader social context in a physical classroom. With data collected from 30 hours of classroom observation and 10 post-observation interviews with the participant teacher, the study makes an attempt to show how the ecological model of language learning can provide a theoretical lens through which to explore teachers’ practices of CALL that aim to encourage learner agency. The analysis centers on three focused extracts that illustrate interaction between and among the affordance of technology, the teacher participant’s pedagogical considerations, and her goal of encouraging learner agency. The result of the study emphasizes the teacher’s role from an ecological perspective and classroom learner agency mediated by technology, which provides useful insight that can contribute to language teaching practice with technology in the classroom.

Type
Regular papers
Copyright
Copyright © European Association for Computer Assisted Language Learning 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agbatogun, A. O. (2014) Developing learners’ second language communicative competence through active learning: Clickers or communicative approach? Educational Technology & Society, 17(2): 257269.Google Scholar
Allwright, D. and Hanks, J. (2009) The developing language learner: An introduction to exploratory practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230233690 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakhtin, M. M. (1981) The dialogical imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Beach, R. and Myers, J. (2001) Inquiry-based English instruction: Engaging students in life and literature. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Beatty, B. and Ulasewicz, C. (2006) Faculty perspectives on moving from Blackboard to the Moodle Learning Management System. TechTrends, 50(4): 3645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-006-0036-y CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, P. (2001) Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. Harlow: Longman/Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Bielefeldt, T. (2012) Guidance for technology decisions from classroom observation. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 44(3): 205223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2012.10782587 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blin, F. and Munro, M. (2008) Why hasn’t technology disrupted academics’ teaching practices? Understanding resistance to change through the lens of activity theory. Computers & Education, 50(2): 475490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2007.09.017 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, C.-c. (2006) How WebQuests send technology to the background: Scaffolding EFL professional development in CALL. In Hubbard, P. and Levy, M. (eds.), Teacher education in CALL. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 221234. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.14.19cha CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, C.-c. (2015) Rethinking transfer: Learning from CALL teacher education as consequential transition. Language Learning & Technology, 19(1): 102118.Google Scholar
Cortazzi, M. and Jin, L. (1996) Cultures of learning: Language classrooms in China. In Coleman, H. (ed.), Society and the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 169206.Google Scholar
Fies, C. and Marshall, J. (2006) Classroom response systems: A review of the literature. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 15(1): 101109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-0360-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowerdew, J. and Miller, L. (2008) Social structure and individual agency in second language learning: Evidence from three life histories. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 5(4): 201224. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427580802286173 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, X. (2010) Strategic language learning: The roles of agency and context. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, N. (1991) Technology in the service of language learning: Trends and issues. Modern Language Journal, 75(1): 74101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1991.tb01085.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, E. J. and Pick, A. D. (2000) An ecological approach to perceptual learning and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Haines, K. J. (2015) Learning to identify and actualize affordances in a new tool. Language Learning & Technology, 19(1): 165180.Google Scholar
Hall, R. (2008) The impact of the read/write web on learner agency. E-learning, 5(3): 284296. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2008.5.3.284 Google Scholar
Hampel, R. (2006) Rethinking task design for the digital age: A framework for language teaching and learning in a synchronous online environment. ReCALL, 18(1): 105121. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344006000711 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirschel, R. (2012) Moodle: Students’ perspectives on forums, glossaries and quizzes. JALT CALL Journal, 8(2): 95112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holec, H. (1981) Autonomy and foreign language learning. Oxford: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Honigsfeld, A., Giouroukakis, V., Cohan, A. and Walsh, M. (2009) Ten ways to incorporate technology into a TESOL teacher preparation program. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(2): 208221.Google Scholar
Hood, M. (2009) Case study. In Heigham, J. and Croker, R. A. (eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 6690. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239517_4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, P. and Sutherland, R. (2005) Affordance, opportunity and the pedagogical implications of ICT. Educational Review, 57(4): 405413. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910500278256 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennewell, S. (2001) Using affordances and constraints to evaluate the use of information and communications technology in teaching and learning. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 10(1–2): 101116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759390100200105 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehler, M. J. and Mishra, P. (2008) Introducing TPCK. In AACTE Committee on Innovation and Technology (ed.), Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators. New York: Routledge, 3–30.Google Scholar
Koehler, M. J. and Mishra, P. (2009) What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1): 6070.Google Scholar
Kramsch, C. and Steffensen, S. V. (2008) Ecological perspectives on second language acquisition and socialization. In Duff, P. A. and Hornberger, N. H. (eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education, Vol 8: Language socialization . New York: Springer, 1728. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_194 Google Scholar
Langdon, S. and Taylor, J. (2005) “Making our lives easier”: Using free learning management systems in the ESL environment. Teaching English with Technology, 5(3). http://tewtjournal.org/issues/past-issue-2005/past-issue-2005-issue-3 Google Scholar
Lantolf, J. P. and Thorne, S. L. (2006) Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Levy, M. (1999) Responding to the context of CALL: Directions for research. Prospect, 14(3): 2431.Google Scholar
Liou, H.-C. (2012) The role of Second Life in a college computer-assisted language learning (CALL) course in Taiwan, ROC. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 25(4): 365382. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.597766 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, D. (1995) Learning as dialogue: The dependence of learner autonomy on teacher autonomy. System, 23(2): 175181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, D. (2015) University language centres, self-access learning and learner autonomy. Recherche et Pratiques Pédagogiques en Langues de Spécialité, 34(1): 1326. https://apliut.revues.org/5008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, A. (2013) Collaboration unpacked: Tasks, tools and activities. In Meskill, C. (ed.), Online teaching and learning: Sociocultural perspectives. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 7798.Google Scholar
Lys, F. (2013) The development of advanced learner oral proficiency using iPads. Language Learning & Technology, 17(3): 94116.Google Scholar
Menezes, V. (2011) Affordances for language learning beyond the classroom. In Benson, P. and Reinders, H. (eds.), Beyond the classroom: The theory and practice of informal language learning and teaching. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 5971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mercer, S. (2011) Understanding learner agency as a complex dynamic system. System, 39(4): 427436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.08.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishra, P. and Koehler, M. J. (2006) Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6): 10171054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, B. and Martin, I. (2014) Toward a research agenda for classroom-as-ecosystem. The Modern Language Journal, 98(2): 667670. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12098 Google Scholar
Motteram, G. (1997) Learner autonomy and the web. In Darleguy, V., Ding, A. and Svensson, M. (eds.), Educational technology in language learning: Theoretical considerations and practical applications. Lyons: National Institute of Applied Sciences, 1724.Google Scholar
Murphy-Judy, K. and Youngs, B. L. (2006) Technology standards for teacher education, credentialing, and certification. In Hubbard, P. and Levy, M. (eds.), Teacher education in CALL. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 4560. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.14.06mur CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunan, D. (1992) Research methods in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pierson, M. E. (2001) Technology integration practice as a function of pedagogical expertise. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(4): 413430. https://doi.org/10.1080/08886504.2001.10782325 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rama, P. S., Black, R. W., van Es, E. and Warschauer, M. (2012) Affordances for second language learning in World of Warcraft . ReCALL, 24(3): 322338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344012000171 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, L. A. and Shepard, M. (2013) Adult English language learners’ perceptions of audience response systems (Clickers) as communication aides: A Q-methodology study. TESOL Journal, 4(1): 182193. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.69 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roush, C. and Song, L. (2013) The impact of using Clickers technology on classroom instruction: Students’ and teachers’ perspectives. Canadian Journal of Action Research, 14(1): 2137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tapscott, D. (1998) Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
TESOL International Association (2004) TESOL research agenda. http://www.tesol.org/s_tesol/seccss.asp?CID=236&DID=1708 Google Scholar
Thoms, J. J. (2014) An ecological view of whole-class discussions in a second language literature classroom: Teacher reformulations as affordances for learning. The Modern Language Journal, 98(3): 724741. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12119 Google Scholar
Tudor, I. (2003) Learning to live with complexity: Towards an ecological perspective on language teaching. System, 31(1): 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(02)00070-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Lier, L. (2000) From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In Lantolf, J. P. (ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 245259.Google Scholar
van Lier, L. (2004) The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A sociocultural perspective. Boston: Kluwer Academic. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7912-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Lier, L. (2008a) Agency in the classroom. In Lantolf, J. P. and Poehner, M. E. (eds.), Sociocultural theory and the teaching of second languages. London: Equinox, 163186.Google Scholar
van Lier, L. (2008b) Ecological-semiotic perspectives on educational linguistics. In Spolsky, B. and Hult, F. M. (eds.), The handbook of educational linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 596605. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470694138.ch42 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Lier, L. (2010) The ecology of language learning: Practice to theory, theory to practice. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 3: 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. (Cole, M., John-Steiner, V., Scribner, S. and Souberman, E., eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M. (1998) Researching technology in TESOL: Determinist, instrumental, and critical approaches. TESOL Quarterly, 32(4): 757761. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warschauer, M. (1999) Electronic literacies: Language, culture and power in online education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M. and Cook, J. (1999) Service learning and technology in TESOL. Prospect, 14(3): 3239.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M. and Healey, D. (1998) Computers and language learning: An overview. Language Teaching, 31(2): 5771. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012970 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, C. and Xie, Y. (2013) Learning Chinese idioms through iPads. Language Learning & Technology, 17(2): 1223.Google Scholar
Ziglari, L. (2008) Affordance and second language acquisition. European Journal of Scientific Research, 23(3): 373379.Google Scholar