Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T02:30:40.832Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The 2019 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture: The Winged Eye at Work: Leon Battista Alberti Surveys Old St. Peter's

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2021

Anthony Grafton*
Affiliation:
Princeton University

Abstract

Leon Battista Alberti based his treatise “On the Art of Building” on close examination of a great many buildings. His survey of Old St. Peter's was especially thorough. He not only investigated the structure, but also ransacked written sources to re-create the church's original décor and to reconstruct the ways in which early popes had celebrated Mass and delivered sermons. Like Lorenzo Valla, he offered a suggestive and polemical history of the church. His ideas seemingly shaped the ways in which Pope Pius II restored the basilica, and his example shows that serious efforts to trace the history of Christianity long predated the Reformation.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by the Renaissance Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

My heartfelt thanks to the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, the Biblioteca Riccardiana, the British Library, Eton College Library, the Pierpont Morgan Library, and Princeton University Library for allowing me to consult manuscripts; to Heather Hyde Minor, who invited me to present an earlier form of this paper at the Notre Dame Global Gateway in May 2018, and for her comments on that occasion; to Lukas Burkart, who invited me to present a later version as the Basel History Lecture in November 2018, and to Mario Wimmer, who translated the text into German, for his many helpful remarks; to Pamela Long, Carolina Mangone, and David Marsh for their invaluable criticisms and suggestions; and to Mary Curran for permitting me to dedicate this paper to the memory of Brian Curran. In May 2018 I had the good fortune to see the remnants of Maffeo Vegio's chapel for Saint Monica through the all-seeing eyes of Louise Grafton (d. 20 July 2019).

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (BAV), Vatican City, MS Urb. lat. 59. Maffeo Vegio, devotional texts for Saint Monica.Google Scholar
BAV, MS Vat. lat. 1801. Lorenzo Valla's Latin translation of Thucydides.Google Scholar
BAV, MS Vat. lat. 3762. Liber pontificalis.Google Scholar
Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, MS 767. Leon Battista Alberti, Vita Potiti, letters, and other texts.Google Scholar
Biblioteca Riccardiana, MS 2942. Leon Battista Alberti, Ludi Matematici.Google Scholar
British Library, London, Add. MS 41,068A. Bernardo Bembo's Zibaldone.Google Scholar
Eton College Library, Eton, MS 128. Bernardo Bembo's manuscript of Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria.Google Scholar
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, 44056 ChL 1108b. Annotated copy of Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria. Florence, 1485.Google Scholar
Stanford University Library, Stanford, KA1483.P49 CB. The Epistulae of the younger Pliny. Treviso, 1483, with elaborate annotations by Bernardo Bembo.Google Scholar
University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Codex MS 1. Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria.Google Scholar
Acta Sanctorum Maii. Ed. Henschen, Godefrid and Papebroch, Daniel. Antwerp: Cnobar, 1680.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. De Re Aedificatoria. Ed. Poliziano, Angelo. Florence: Nicolaus Laurentii, 1485.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. L'architettura. Trans. Orlandi, Giovanni. Ed. Portoghesi, Paolo. 2 vols. Milan: Il Polifilo, 1966.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. On the Art of Building in Ten Books. Trans. Rykwert, Joseph, Leach, Neil, and Tavernor, Robert. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Descriptio Urbis Romae. Ed. and trans. Furno, Martine and Carpo, Mario. Geneva: Droz, 2000.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Opuscoli inediti di Leon Battista Alberti: Musca. Vita S. Potiti. Ed. Grayson, Cecil. Florence: Olschki, 1954. Reprint, Pisa: Edizioni della Normale, 2005.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Il nuovo “De Pictura” di Leon Battista Alberti / The New “De Pictura” of Leon Battista Alberti. Ed. Sinisgalli, Rocco. Rome: Edizioni Kappa, 2006.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Pontifex. Ed. Piccardi, Andrea. Florence: Polistampa, 2007.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Mathematical Works. Ed. and trans. Williams, Kim, March, Lionel, and Wassell, Stephen. Basel: Birckhäuser, 2010.Google Scholar
Bauer, Stefan. “The Liber pontificalis in the Renaissance.Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 82 (2019 [2020]): 143–58.Google Scholar
Beltramini, Guido. “Una ecfrasis albertiana: L'architettura nelle visite patorali di Pietro Barozzi.” In Pietro Barozzi: Un vescovo del Rinascimento (2012), 223–37.Google Scholar
Biffi, Marco. “‘Ita commode reformari deberet’: Alcune osservazioni sul lessico architettonico delle visite pastorali di Barozzi.” In Pietro Barozzi: Un vescovo del Rinascimento (2012), 205–21.Google Scholar
Billanovich, Giuseppe. “Gli umanisti e le cronache medievali: Il Liber pontificalis, le Decadi di Tito Livio e il primo umanesimo a Roma.” Italia medioevale e umanistica 1 (1958): 103–37.Google Scholar
The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis): The Ancient Biographies of the First Roman Bishops to AD 715. Ed. and trans. Davis, Raymond. 3rd ed. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Borsi, Stefano. Leon Battista Alberti e l'antichità romana. Florence: Edizioni Polistampa, 2004.Google Scholar
Bougaud, Émile. Histoire de Sainte Monique. 6th ed. Paris: Poussielgue Frères, 1873.Google Scholar
Braschi, Arnaldo. “Alberti a Roma, per Pio II e Paolo II.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 113–27.Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350–550 AD. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Bulgarelli, Massimo. “1450–1471: Roma e Firenze.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 151–63.Google Scholar
Burckhardt, Jacob. Die Geschichte der Baukunst in Italien. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1955.Google Scholar
Burns, Howard. “Leon Battista Alberti a Roma: Il recupero della cultura architettonica classica.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 33–43.Google Scholar
Burroughs, Charles. From Signs to Design: Environmental Process and Reform in Early Renaissance Rome. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Calzona, Arturo. “Da Mantova a Roma: La ‘rivincita’ dell'Alberti negli ultimi anni del pontificato di Pio II.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 135–49.Google Scholar
Cardini, Roberto. Ortografia e consolazione in un Corpus allestito da L.B. Alberti: Il codice Moreni 2 della Biblioteca Moreniana di Firenze. Florence: Olschki, 2008.Google Scholar
Cardini, Roberto, Bertolini, Lucia, and Regoliosi, Mariangela, eds. Leon Battista Alberti: La Biblioteca di un umanista. Florence: Mandragora, 2005.Google Scholar
Cassani, Alberto. La fatica del costruire: Tempo e materia nel pensiero di Leon Battista Alberti. Milan: Unicopli, 2000.Google Scholar
Celenza, Christopher. Renaissance Humanism and the Papal Curia: Lapo da Castglionchio the Younger's “De Curiae Commodis.” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Chadwick, Henry. “The Role of the Christian Bishop in Ancient Society.” In The Role of the Christian Bishop in Ancient Society: Protocol of the Thirty-Fifth Colloquy, 25 February 1979, ed. Chadwick, Henry, 114. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1980.Google Scholar
Chin, Catherine. “The Bishop's Two Bodies: Ambrose and the Basilicas of Milan.” Church History 79.3 (2010): 531–55.Google Scholar
Christian, Kathleen Wren. Empire without End: Antiquities Collections in Renaissance Rome, c. 1350–1527. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Colish, Marcia. “Why the Portiana: Reflections on the Milanese Basilica Crisis of 386.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 10.3 (2002): 361–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Concina, Ennio. Navis: L'umanesimo sul mare (1470–1740). Turin: Einaudi, 1990.Google Scholar
Curran, Brian, and Grafton, Anthony. “A Fifteenth-Century Site Report on the Vatican Obelisk.Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 58 (1995 [1996]): 234–48.10.2307/751514CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curran, Brian, Grafton, Anthony, Long, Pamela, and Weiss, Benjamin. Obelisk: A History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Davies, Martin. “An Emperor without Clothes? Niccolò Niccoli under Attack.” Italia Medioevale e Umanistica 30 (1987): 95148.Google Scholar
Davies, Martin. “Humanism in Script and Print in the Fifteenth Century.” In The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism, ed. Kraye, Jill, 4762. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Decembrio, Angelo. De Politia Litteraria. Ed. Witten, Norbert. Munich: Saur, 2002.Google Scholar
Della Schiava, Fabio. “‘Sicut traditum est a maioribus’: Maffeo Vegio antiquario tra fonti classiche e medievali.” Aevum 84.3 (2010): 617–39.Google Scholar
De Poli, Alessandro. “Scheda 52.” In Leon Battista Alberti: La Biblioteca di un umanista, ed. Cardini, Roberto, Bertolini, Lucia, and Regoliosi, Mariangela, 368–70. Florence: Mandragora, 2005.Google Scholar
D'Onofrio, Cesare. Visitiamo Roma nel Quattrocento: La città degli umanisti. Rome: Romana società editrice, 1989.Google Scholar
Esch, Armold. “L'iconografia dei muri antichi nei dipinti del Quattrocento e la descrizione della mura di Roma di Leon Battista Alberti e Poggio Bracciolini.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 8189.Google Scholar
Fane-Saunders, Peter. Pliny the Elder and the Emergence of Renaissance Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.10.1017/CBO9781139942249CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiore, Francesco Paolo. “Leon Battista Alberti e Roma.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 2131.Google Scholar
Frazier, Alison Knowles. Possible Lives: Authors and Saints in Renaissance Italy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fubini, Riccardo, and Gallorini, Anna Menci. “L'autobiografia di Leon Battista Alberti: Studio e edizione.Rinascimento, n.s., 12 (1972): 2178.Google Scholar
Furlotti, Barbara. Antiquities in Motion: From Excavation Sites to Renaissance Collections. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2019.Google Scholar
Giannarelli, Elena. “Alberti, I Padri della Chiesa e la letteratura cristiana antica: linee di un problema.” In Alberti e la tradizione: Per lo “smontaggio” dei “Mosaici” albertiani, ed. Cardini, Roberto and Regoliosi, Mariangela, 2:425–47. Florence: Polistampa, 2007.Google Scholar
Giannetto, Nella. Bernardo Bembo: Umanista e politico veneziano. Florence: Olschki, 1985.Google Scholar
Gill, Meredith. Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Gios, Pierantonio. Disciplinamento ecclesiastico sull'Altipiano dei Sette Comuni nella seconda metà del Quattrocento. Civis, Supplement 8 (1992).Google Scholar
Glass, Robert. “Filarete's Renovation of the Porta Argentea at Old Saint Peter's.” In Old Saint Peter's, Rome, ed. McKitterick, Rosamund, Osborne, John, Richardson, Carol, and Story, Joanna, 348–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gombrich, Ernst. The Heritage of Apelles. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony. Leon Battista Alberti: Master Builder of the Italian Renaissance. New York: Hill & Wang, 2000.Google Scholar
Grayson, Cecil. “Un codice del ‘De Re Aedificatoria’ posseduto da Bernardo Bembo.” In Studi letterari: Miscellanea in onore di Emilio Santini, 181–88. Palermo: U. Manfredi, 1956.Google Scholar
Grimaldi, Giacomo. Descrizione della basilica antica di S. Pietro in Vaticano, Codice Barberini latino 2733. Ed. Niggl, R.. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1972.Google Scholar
Guarino da Verona, . Epistolario. Ed. Sabbadini, Remigio. 3 vols. Venice: A spese della Società, 1915–19.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. Cassiano dal Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jahrhunderts. Munich: Hirner, 1999.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. “Christliche und klassische Archäologie im sechzehnten Jahrhundert: Skizzen zur Genese einer Wissenschaft.” In Die Gegenwart des Altertums: Formen und Funktionen des Altertumsbezugs in den Hochkulturen der Alten Welt, ed. Kuhn, Dieter and Stahl, Helga, 291307. Heidelberg: Edition Forum, 2001.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. “Late Antique Manuscripts in Early Modern Study: Critics, Antiquaries and the History of Art.” In Classical Manuscript Illustrations: The Paper Museum of Cassiano dal Pozzo, Claridge, Amanda and Herklotz, Ingo, 5189. London: The Royal Collection and Harvey Miller, 2012.Google Scholar
Holgate, Ian. “The Cult of Saint Monica in Quattrocento Italy: Her Place in Augustinian Iconography.” Papers of the British School at Rome 71 (2003): 181206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ianziti, Gary. Humanistic Historiography under the Sforzas: Politics and Propaganda in Fifteenth-Century Milan. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Ianziti, Gary. “I ‘Commentarii’: Appunti per la storia di un genere storiografico quattrocentesco.” Archivio Storico Italiano 150.4 (1992): 1029–63.Google Scholar
Ianziti, Gary. Writing History in Renaissance Italy: Leonardo Bruni and the Uses of the Past. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iversen, Erik. Obelisks in Exile. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Gad, 1968–72.Google Scholar
Jarzombek, Mark. On Leon Battista Alberti: His Literary and Aesthetic Theories. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Kircher, Timothy. Living Well in Renaissance Italy: The Virtues of Humanism and the Irony of Leon Battista Alberti. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2012.Google Scholar
Krautheimer, Richard. Three Christian Capitals: Topography and Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Lallis, Eleanor. Zeit und Zeitlichkeit in den “Libri della famiglia” des Leon Battista Alberti. Augsburg: Alonzo, 2002.Google Scholar
Leon Battista Alberti e l'architettura. Ed. Bulgarelli, Massimo, Calzona, Arturo, Ceriana, Matteo, and Fiore, Francesco Paolo. Milan: Silvana, 2006.Google Scholar
Le liber pontificalis: Texte, introduction et commentaire. Ed. Duchesne, Louis. 2 vols. Paris: Ernest Thorin, 1886–92.Google Scholar
Lloyd, G.E.R. Science, Folklore and Ideology: Studies in the Life Sciences in Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Long, Pamela. Engineering the Eternal City: Infrastructure, Topography, and the Culture of Knowledge in Late Sixteenth-Century Rome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lücke, Hans-Karl. Alberti Index: Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria, Florenz 1485, Index Verborum. 4 vols. Munich: Prestel, 1975–79.Google Scholar
Maier, Jessica. Rome Measured and Imagined: Early Modern Maps of the Eternal City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Manetti, Giannozzo. De Vita ac Gestis Nicolai Quinti Summi Pontificis. Ed. Modigliani, Anna. Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano, 2005.Google Scholar
Marsh, David. “The Self-Expressed: Leon Battista Alberti's Autobiography.” Albertiana 10 (2007): 125–40.Google Scholar
Martin, Gregory. Roma Sancta (1581). Ed. Parks, George Bruner. Rome: Storia & Letteratura, 1969.Google Scholar
Maskarinec, Maya. “Mobilizing Sanctity: Pius II and the Head of Saint Andrew in Rome.” In Authority and Spectacle in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of Teofilo Ruiz, ed. Liang, Yuen-Gen and Rodriguez, Jarbel, 186202. London: Routledge, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCahill, Elizabeth. Reviving the Eternal City: Rome and the Papal Court, 1420–1447. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond, Osborne, John, Richardson, Carol, and Story, Joanna, eds. Old Saint Peter's, Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.10.1017/CBO9781107300453CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, Martin. Leon Battista Alberti: La vita, l'umanesimo, le opere letterarie. Florence: Olschki, 2016.Google Scholar
McLynn, Neil. Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.Google Scholar
McManamon, John. Caligula's Barges and the Renaissance Origins of Nautical Archaeology under Water. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Merisalo, Outi. “Platina et le Liber pontificalis: Un humaniste devant un texte médiéval.Arctos, n.s., 16 (1982): 7397.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Anna. Mercati, botteghe e spazi di commercio a Roma tra Medioevo ed età moderna. Rome: Roma nel Rinascimento, 1998.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Anna. “Per la datazione del De Re Aedificatoria: Il codice e gli archetipi del Alberti.” Albertiana 16 (2013): 91110.Google Scholar
Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Ancient History and the Antiquarian.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13.3/4 (1950): 185215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century A.D.” In Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century, ed. Momigliano, Arnaldo, 7999. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Muecke, Frances. “Ante oculos ponere: Vision and Imagination in Biondo Flavio's Roma Triumphans.” Papers of the British School at Rome 79 (2011): 275–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muecke, Frances. “The Genre(s) and the Making of Roma Triumphans.” In The Invention of Rome: Biondo Flavio's “Roma Triumphans” and Its Worlds, ed. Muecke, Francis and Campanelli, Maurizio, 3353. Geneva: Droz, 2017.Google Scholar
Muecke, Francis, and Campanelli, Maurizio, eds. The Invention of Rome: Biondo Flavio's “Roma Triumphans” and Its Worlds. Geneva: Droz, 2017.Google Scholar
Nesselrath, Arnold. “Disegnare Roma.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 4555.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Emily. “Arms and Letters: Julius Caesar, the Commentaries of Pope Pius II, and the Politicization of Papal Imagery.” Renaissance Quarterly 62.4 (2009): 1057–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Occhipinti, Carmelo. Pirro Ligorio e la storia cristiana di Roma: Da Costantino all'Umanesimo. Pisa: Edizioni della Normale, 2007.Google Scholar
Osborne, John. “St. Peter's Needle and the Ashes of Julius Caesar: Invoking Rome's Imperial History at the Papal Court, ca. 1100–1300.” In Julius Caesar in Western Culture, ed. Wyke, Maria, 95109. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006.10.1002/9780470775042.ch6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacciani, Riccardo. “L'abside di San Martino a Galgalandi.” In Leon Battista Alberti e l'architettura (2006), 396401.Google Scholar
Pearson, Caspar. Humanism and the Urban World: Leon Battista Alberti and the Renaissance City. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Percival, W. Keith. “Maffeo Vegio and the Prelude to Juridical Humanism.” Journal of Legal History 6 (1985): 179–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pietro Barozzi: Un vescovo del Rinascimento. Ed. Nante, Andrea, Cavalli, Carlo, and Gois, Pierantonio. Padua: Istituto per la Storia Ecclesiastica Padovana, 2012.Google Scholar
Pius II. Memoirs of a Renaissance Pope: The Commentaries of Pius II; An Abridgment. Trans. Gragg, Florence. Ed. Gabel, Leona. New York: Putnam, 1959.Google Scholar
Pius II. Commentarii. Ed. Heck, Adrian van. 2 vols. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1984.Google Scholar
Pius II. Commentaries, Volume I: Books I–II. Ed. Simonetta, Marcello. Trans. Meserve, Margaret. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Rapp, Claudia. Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity: The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Transition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Reprint, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riggsby, Andrew. “Memoir and Autobiography in Republican Rome.” In A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography, ed. Marincola, John, 266–74. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.Google Scholar
Rinaldi, Rinaldo. “Melancholia Christiana”: Studi sulle fonti di Leon Battista Alberti. Florence: Olschki, 2002.Google Scholar
La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti: Umanisti, architetti e artisti alla scoperta dell'antico nella città del Quattrocento. Ed. Fiore, Francesco Paolo, with Nesselrath, Arnold. Rome: Skira, 2005.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, Ruth Olitsky. “Pius II's Piazza S. Pietro and St. Andrew's Head.” In Essays in the History of Architecture Presented to Rudolf Wittkower, ed. Fraser, Douglas, Hibbard, Howard, and Lewine, Milton, 2233. London: Phaidon, 1967.Google Scholar
Rucellai, Giovanni. Giovanni Rucellai ed il suo Zibaldone. 2 vols. London: Warburg Institute, 1960–81.Google Scholar
Rufinus, . Historia ecclesiastica. Ed. Mommsen, Theodor. In Eusebius, Werke 2, parts 1–2: Die Kirchengeschichte, ed. Eduard Schwartz, Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller, 9.1–2. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1903–08.Google Scholar
Rufinus, . The Church History of Rufinus of Aquileia; Books 10 and 11. Trans. Amidon, Philip SJ. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Saiber, Arielle. Measured Words: Computation and Writing in Renaissance Italy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salzman, Michele. “Leo's Liturgical Topography: Contestations for Space in Fifth-Century Rome.Journal of Roman Studies 103 (2013): 208–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnapp, Alain. La conquête du passè: Aux origines de l'archéologie. Paris: Éditions Carré, 1993.Google Scholar
Schwab, Maren Elisabeth. Antike begreifen: Antiquarische Texte und Praktiken in Rom von Francesco Petrarca bis Barolomeo Marliani. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 2019.Google Scholar
Sherman, William. “‘Nota Bembe’: How Bembo the Elder Read His Pliny the Younger.” In Pietro Bembo e le arti, ed. Beltramini, Guido, Burns, Howard, and Gasparotto, Davide, 119–33. Venice: Marsilio, 2013.Google Scholar
Smith, Christine. Architecture in the Culture of Early Humanism: Ethics, Aesthetics and Eloquence, 1400–1470. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Smith, Christine, and O'Connor, Joseph. Building the Kingdom: Giannozzo Manetti on the Material and Spiritual Edifice. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies; Turnhout: Brepols, 2006.Google Scholar
Smith, Christine, and O'Connor, Joseph. Eyewitness to Old St. Peter's: Maffeo Vegio's “Remembering the Ancient History of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, Christine. “Leon Battista Alberti's Inscriptions on the Holy Sepulchre in the Cappella Rucellai, San Pancrazio, Florence.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 52 (1989): 221–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stinger, Charles. The Renaissance in Rome. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Tafuri, Manfredo. Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects. Trans. Daniel Sherer. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Tavernor, Robert. On Alberti and the Art of Building. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Thoenes, Christoph. “St Peter als Ruine: Zu einigen Veduten Heemskercks.” In Opus Incertum: Italienische Studien aus drei Jahrhunderten, ed. Beyer, Andreas, Bredekamp, Horst, and Claussen, Peter Cornelius, 245–75. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2002.Google Scholar
Trachtenberg, Marvin. Building-in-Time: From Giotto and Alberti to Modern Oblivion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Trivisani-Moreau, Isabelle. “Contribution sur Pierre-Daniel Huet, Commentarius de rebus ad eum pertinentibus.” Études littéraires 43.2 (2012): 129–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turchini, Angelo. “Rimini e il Tempio Malatestiano.” In Leon Battista Alberti e l'architettura (2006), 266–75.Google Scholar
van der Linden, Huub. “Alberti, Quid tum?, and the Redemption of Terence in Early Renaissance Humanism.Albertiana 21 (2008–09): 83104.Google Scholar
Watkins, Renée Neu. “L. B. Alberti in the Mirror: An Interpretation of the Vita with a New Translation.” Italian Quarterly 30.117 (1989): 530.Google Scholar
Weiss, Roberto. The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.Google Scholar
Westfall, Carroll William. In This Most Perfect Paradise: Alberti, Nicholas V and the Invention of Conscious Urban Planning in Rome. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Wittkower, Rudolf. Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism. London: Warburg Institute, 1949.Google Scholar
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (BAV), Vatican City, MS Urb. lat. 59. Maffeo Vegio, devotional texts for Saint Monica.Google Scholar
BAV, MS Vat. lat. 1801. Lorenzo Valla's Latin translation of Thucydides.Google Scholar
BAV, MS Vat. lat. 3762. Liber pontificalis.Google Scholar
Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence, MS 767. Leon Battista Alberti, Vita Potiti, letters, and other texts.Google Scholar
Biblioteca Riccardiana, MS 2942. Leon Battista Alberti, Ludi Matematici.Google Scholar
British Library, London, Add. MS 41,068A. Bernardo Bembo's Zibaldone.Google Scholar
Eton College Library, Eton, MS 128. Bernardo Bembo's manuscript of Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria.Google Scholar
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, 44056 ChL 1108b. Annotated copy of Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria. Florence, 1485.Google Scholar
Stanford University Library, Stanford, KA1483.P49 CB. The Epistulae of the younger Pliny. Treviso, 1483, with elaborate annotations by Bernardo Bembo.Google Scholar
University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Codex MS 1. Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria.Google Scholar
Acta Sanctorum Maii. Ed. Henschen, Godefrid and Papebroch, Daniel. Antwerp: Cnobar, 1680.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. De Re Aedificatoria. Ed. Poliziano, Angelo. Florence: Nicolaus Laurentii, 1485.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. L'architettura. Trans. Orlandi, Giovanni. Ed. Portoghesi, Paolo. 2 vols. Milan: Il Polifilo, 1966.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. On the Art of Building in Ten Books. Trans. Rykwert, Joseph, Leach, Neil, and Tavernor, Robert. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Descriptio Urbis Romae. Ed. and trans. Furno, Martine and Carpo, Mario. Geneva: Droz, 2000.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Opuscoli inediti di Leon Battista Alberti: Musca. Vita S. Potiti. Ed. Grayson, Cecil. Florence: Olschki, 1954. Reprint, Pisa: Edizioni della Normale, 2005.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Il nuovo “De Pictura” di Leon Battista Alberti / The New “De Pictura” of Leon Battista Alberti. Ed. Sinisgalli, Rocco. Rome: Edizioni Kappa, 2006.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Pontifex. Ed. Piccardi, Andrea. Florence: Polistampa, 2007.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Mathematical Works. Ed. and trans. Williams, Kim, March, Lionel, and Wassell, Stephen. Basel: Birckhäuser, 2010.Google Scholar
Bauer, Stefan. “The Liber pontificalis in the Renaissance.Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 82 (2019 [2020]): 143–58.Google Scholar
Beltramini, Guido. “Una ecfrasis albertiana: L'architettura nelle visite patorali di Pietro Barozzi.” In Pietro Barozzi: Un vescovo del Rinascimento (2012), 223–37.Google Scholar
Biffi, Marco. “‘Ita commode reformari deberet’: Alcune osservazioni sul lessico architettonico delle visite pastorali di Barozzi.” In Pietro Barozzi: Un vescovo del Rinascimento (2012), 205–21.Google Scholar
Billanovich, Giuseppe. “Gli umanisti e le cronache medievali: Il Liber pontificalis, le Decadi di Tito Livio e il primo umanesimo a Roma.” Italia medioevale e umanistica 1 (1958): 103–37.Google Scholar
The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis): The Ancient Biographies of the First Roman Bishops to AD 715. Ed. and trans. Davis, Raymond. 3rd ed. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Borsi, Stefano. Leon Battista Alberti e l'antichità romana. Florence: Edizioni Polistampa, 2004.Google Scholar
Bougaud, Émile. Histoire de Sainte Monique. 6th ed. Paris: Poussielgue Frères, 1873.Google Scholar
Braschi, Arnaldo. “Alberti a Roma, per Pio II e Paolo II.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 113–27.Google Scholar
Brown, Peter. Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350–550 AD. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Bulgarelli, Massimo. “1450–1471: Roma e Firenze.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 151–63.Google Scholar
Burckhardt, Jacob. Die Geschichte der Baukunst in Italien. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1955.Google Scholar
Burns, Howard. “Leon Battista Alberti a Roma: Il recupero della cultura architettonica classica.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 33–43.Google Scholar
Burroughs, Charles. From Signs to Design: Environmental Process and Reform in Early Renaissance Rome. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Calzona, Arturo. “Da Mantova a Roma: La ‘rivincita’ dell'Alberti negli ultimi anni del pontificato di Pio II.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 135–49.Google Scholar
Cardini, Roberto. Ortografia e consolazione in un Corpus allestito da L.B. Alberti: Il codice Moreni 2 della Biblioteca Moreniana di Firenze. Florence: Olschki, 2008.Google Scholar
Cardini, Roberto, Bertolini, Lucia, and Regoliosi, Mariangela, eds. Leon Battista Alberti: La Biblioteca di un umanista. Florence: Mandragora, 2005.Google Scholar
Cassani, Alberto. La fatica del costruire: Tempo e materia nel pensiero di Leon Battista Alberti. Milan: Unicopli, 2000.Google Scholar
Celenza, Christopher. Renaissance Humanism and the Papal Curia: Lapo da Castglionchio the Younger's “De Curiae Commodis.” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Chadwick, Henry. “The Role of the Christian Bishop in Ancient Society.” In The Role of the Christian Bishop in Ancient Society: Protocol of the Thirty-Fifth Colloquy, 25 February 1979, ed. Chadwick, Henry, 114. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1980.Google Scholar
Chin, Catherine. “The Bishop's Two Bodies: Ambrose and the Basilicas of Milan.” Church History 79.3 (2010): 531–55.Google Scholar
Christian, Kathleen Wren. Empire without End: Antiquities Collections in Renaissance Rome, c. 1350–1527. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Colish, Marcia. “Why the Portiana: Reflections on the Milanese Basilica Crisis of 386.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 10.3 (2002): 361–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Concina, Ennio. Navis: L'umanesimo sul mare (1470–1740). Turin: Einaudi, 1990.Google Scholar
Curran, Brian, and Grafton, Anthony. “A Fifteenth-Century Site Report on the Vatican Obelisk.Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 58 (1995 [1996]): 234–48.10.2307/751514CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curran, Brian, Grafton, Anthony, Long, Pamela, and Weiss, Benjamin. Obelisk: A History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Davies, Martin. “An Emperor without Clothes? Niccolò Niccoli under Attack.” Italia Medioevale e Umanistica 30 (1987): 95148.Google Scholar
Davies, Martin. “Humanism in Script and Print in the Fifteenth Century.” In The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Humanism, ed. Kraye, Jill, 4762. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Decembrio, Angelo. De Politia Litteraria. Ed. Witten, Norbert. Munich: Saur, 2002.Google Scholar
Della Schiava, Fabio. “‘Sicut traditum est a maioribus’: Maffeo Vegio antiquario tra fonti classiche e medievali.” Aevum 84.3 (2010): 617–39.Google Scholar
De Poli, Alessandro. “Scheda 52.” In Leon Battista Alberti: La Biblioteca di un umanista, ed. Cardini, Roberto, Bertolini, Lucia, and Regoliosi, Mariangela, 368–70. Florence: Mandragora, 2005.Google Scholar
D'Onofrio, Cesare. Visitiamo Roma nel Quattrocento: La città degli umanisti. Rome: Romana società editrice, 1989.Google Scholar
Esch, Armold. “L'iconografia dei muri antichi nei dipinti del Quattrocento e la descrizione della mura di Roma di Leon Battista Alberti e Poggio Bracciolini.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 8189.Google Scholar
Fane-Saunders, Peter. Pliny the Elder and the Emergence of Renaissance Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.10.1017/CBO9781139942249CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiore, Francesco Paolo. “Leon Battista Alberti e Roma.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 2131.Google Scholar
Frazier, Alison Knowles. Possible Lives: Authors and Saints in Renaissance Italy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fubini, Riccardo, and Gallorini, Anna Menci. “L'autobiografia di Leon Battista Alberti: Studio e edizione.Rinascimento, n.s., 12 (1972): 2178.Google Scholar
Furlotti, Barbara. Antiquities in Motion: From Excavation Sites to Renaissance Collections. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, 2019.Google Scholar
Giannarelli, Elena. “Alberti, I Padri della Chiesa e la letteratura cristiana antica: linee di un problema.” In Alberti e la tradizione: Per lo “smontaggio” dei “Mosaici” albertiani, ed. Cardini, Roberto and Regoliosi, Mariangela, 2:425–47. Florence: Polistampa, 2007.Google Scholar
Giannetto, Nella. Bernardo Bembo: Umanista e politico veneziano. Florence: Olschki, 1985.Google Scholar
Gill, Meredith. Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Gios, Pierantonio. Disciplinamento ecclesiastico sull'Altipiano dei Sette Comuni nella seconda metà del Quattrocento. Civis, Supplement 8 (1992).Google Scholar
Glass, Robert. “Filarete's Renovation of the Porta Argentea at Old Saint Peter's.” In Old Saint Peter's, Rome, ed. McKitterick, Rosamund, Osborne, John, Richardson, Carol, and Story, Joanna, 348–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gombrich, Ernst. The Heritage of Apelles. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony. Leon Battista Alberti: Master Builder of the Italian Renaissance. New York: Hill & Wang, 2000.Google Scholar
Grayson, Cecil. “Un codice del ‘De Re Aedificatoria’ posseduto da Bernardo Bembo.” In Studi letterari: Miscellanea in onore di Emilio Santini, 181–88. Palermo: U. Manfredi, 1956.Google Scholar
Grimaldi, Giacomo. Descrizione della basilica antica di S. Pietro in Vaticano, Codice Barberini latino 2733. Ed. Niggl, R.. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1972.Google Scholar
Guarino da Verona, . Epistolario. Ed. Sabbadini, Remigio. 3 vols. Venice: A spese della Società, 1915–19.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. Cassiano dal Pozzo und die Archäologie des 17. Jahrhunderts. Munich: Hirner, 1999.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. “Christliche und klassische Archäologie im sechzehnten Jahrhundert: Skizzen zur Genese einer Wissenschaft.” In Die Gegenwart des Altertums: Formen und Funktionen des Altertumsbezugs in den Hochkulturen der Alten Welt, ed. Kuhn, Dieter and Stahl, Helga, 291307. Heidelberg: Edition Forum, 2001.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. “Late Antique Manuscripts in Early Modern Study: Critics, Antiquaries and the History of Art.” In Classical Manuscript Illustrations: The Paper Museum of Cassiano dal Pozzo, Claridge, Amanda and Herklotz, Ingo, 5189. London: The Royal Collection and Harvey Miller, 2012.Google Scholar
Holgate, Ian. “The Cult of Saint Monica in Quattrocento Italy: Her Place in Augustinian Iconography.” Papers of the British School at Rome 71 (2003): 181206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ianziti, Gary. Humanistic Historiography under the Sforzas: Politics and Propaganda in Fifteenth-Century Milan. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Ianziti, Gary. “I ‘Commentarii’: Appunti per la storia di un genere storiografico quattrocentesco.” Archivio Storico Italiano 150.4 (1992): 1029–63.Google Scholar
Ianziti, Gary. Writing History in Renaissance Italy: Leonardo Bruni and the Uses of the Past. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iversen, Erik. Obelisks in Exile. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Gad, 1968–72.Google Scholar
Jarzombek, Mark. On Leon Battista Alberti: His Literary and Aesthetic Theories. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Kircher, Timothy. Living Well in Renaissance Italy: The Virtues of Humanism and the Irony of Leon Battista Alberti. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2012.Google Scholar
Krautheimer, Richard. Three Christian Capitals: Topography and Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Lallis, Eleanor. Zeit und Zeitlichkeit in den “Libri della famiglia” des Leon Battista Alberti. Augsburg: Alonzo, 2002.Google Scholar
Leon Battista Alberti e l'architettura. Ed. Bulgarelli, Massimo, Calzona, Arturo, Ceriana, Matteo, and Fiore, Francesco Paolo. Milan: Silvana, 2006.Google Scholar
Le liber pontificalis: Texte, introduction et commentaire. Ed. Duchesne, Louis. 2 vols. Paris: Ernest Thorin, 1886–92.Google Scholar
Lloyd, G.E.R. Science, Folklore and Ideology: Studies in the Life Sciences in Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Long, Pamela. Engineering the Eternal City: Infrastructure, Topography, and the Culture of Knowledge in Late Sixteenth-Century Rome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lücke, Hans-Karl. Alberti Index: Leon Battista Alberti, De Re Aedificatoria, Florenz 1485, Index Verborum. 4 vols. Munich: Prestel, 1975–79.Google Scholar
Maier, Jessica. Rome Measured and Imagined: Early Modern Maps of the Eternal City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Manetti, Giannozzo. De Vita ac Gestis Nicolai Quinti Summi Pontificis. Ed. Modigliani, Anna. Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano, 2005.Google Scholar
Marsh, David. “The Self-Expressed: Leon Battista Alberti's Autobiography.” Albertiana 10 (2007): 125–40.Google Scholar
Martin, Gregory. Roma Sancta (1581). Ed. Parks, George Bruner. Rome: Storia & Letteratura, 1969.Google Scholar
Maskarinec, Maya. “Mobilizing Sanctity: Pius II and the Head of Saint Andrew in Rome.” In Authority and Spectacle in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of Teofilo Ruiz, ed. Liang, Yuen-Gen and Rodriguez, Jarbel, 186202. London: Routledge, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCahill, Elizabeth. Reviving the Eternal City: Rome and the Papal Court, 1420–1447. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond, Osborne, John, Richardson, Carol, and Story, Joanna, eds. Old Saint Peter's, Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.10.1017/CBO9781107300453CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, Martin. Leon Battista Alberti: La vita, l'umanesimo, le opere letterarie. Florence: Olschki, 2016.Google Scholar
McLynn, Neil. Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.Google Scholar
McManamon, John. Caligula's Barges and the Renaissance Origins of Nautical Archaeology under Water. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Merisalo, Outi. “Platina et le Liber pontificalis: Un humaniste devant un texte médiéval.Arctos, n.s., 16 (1982): 7397.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Anna. Mercati, botteghe e spazi di commercio a Roma tra Medioevo ed età moderna. Rome: Roma nel Rinascimento, 1998.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Anna. “Per la datazione del De Re Aedificatoria: Il codice e gli archetipi del Alberti.” Albertiana 16 (2013): 91110.Google Scholar
Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Ancient History and the Antiquarian.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13.3/4 (1950): 185215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century A.D.” In Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century, ed. Momigliano, Arnaldo, 7999. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Muecke, Frances. “Ante oculos ponere: Vision and Imagination in Biondo Flavio's Roma Triumphans.” Papers of the British School at Rome 79 (2011): 275–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muecke, Frances. “The Genre(s) and the Making of Roma Triumphans.” In The Invention of Rome: Biondo Flavio's “Roma Triumphans” and Its Worlds, ed. Muecke, Francis and Campanelli, Maurizio, 3353. Geneva: Droz, 2017.Google Scholar
Muecke, Francis, and Campanelli, Maurizio, eds. The Invention of Rome: Biondo Flavio's “Roma Triumphans” and Its Worlds. Geneva: Droz, 2017.Google Scholar
Nesselrath, Arnold. “Disegnare Roma.” In La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti (2005), 4555.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Emily. “Arms and Letters: Julius Caesar, the Commentaries of Pope Pius II, and the Politicization of Papal Imagery.” Renaissance Quarterly 62.4 (2009): 1057–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Occhipinti, Carmelo. Pirro Ligorio e la storia cristiana di Roma: Da Costantino all'Umanesimo. Pisa: Edizioni della Normale, 2007.Google Scholar
Osborne, John. “St. Peter's Needle and the Ashes of Julius Caesar: Invoking Rome's Imperial History at the Papal Court, ca. 1100–1300.” In Julius Caesar in Western Culture, ed. Wyke, Maria, 95109. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006.10.1002/9780470775042.ch6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacciani, Riccardo. “L'abside di San Martino a Galgalandi.” In Leon Battista Alberti e l'architettura (2006), 396401.Google Scholar
Pearson, Caspar. Humanism and the Urban World: Leon Battista Alberti and the Renaissance City. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Percival, W. Keith. “Maffeo Vegio and the Prelude to Juridical Humanism.” Journal of Legal History 6 (1985): 179–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pietro Barozzi: Un vescovo del Rinascimento. Ed. Nante, Andrea, Cavalli, Carlo, and Gois, Pierantonio. Padua: Istituto per la Storia Ecclesiastica Padovana, 2012.Google Scholar
Pius II. Memoirs of a Renaissance Pope: The Commentaries of Pius II; An Abridgment. Trans. Gragg, Florence. Ed. Gabel, Leona. New York: Putnam, 1959.Google Scholar
Pius II. Commentarii. Ed. Heck, Adrian van. 2 vols. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1984.Google Scholar
Pius II. Commentaries, Volume I: Books I–II. Ed. Simonetta, Marcello. Trans. Meserve, Margaret. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Rapp, Claudia. Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity: The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Transition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Reprint, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riggsby, Andrew. “Memoir and Autobiography in Republican Rome.” In A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography, ed. Marincola, John, 266–74. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.Google Scholar
Rinaldi, Rinaldo. “Melancholia Christiana”: Studi sulle fonti di Leon Battista Alberti. Florence: Olschki, 2002.Google Scholar
La Roma di Leon Battista Alberti: Umanisti, architetti e artisti alla scoperta dell'antico nella città del Quattrocento. Ed. Fiore, Francesco Paolo, with Nesselrath, Arnold. Rome: Skira, 2005.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, Ruth Olitsky. “Pius II's Piazza S. Pietro and St. Andrew's Head.” In Essays in the History of Architecture Presented to Rudolf Wittkower, ed. Fraser, Douglas, Hibbard, Howard, and Lewine, Milton, 2233. London: Phaidon, 1967.Google Scholar
Rucellai, Giovanni. Giovanni Rucellai ed il suo Zibaldone. 2 vols. London: Warburg Institute, 1960–81.Google Scholar
Rufinus, . Historia ecclesiastica. Ed. Mommsen, Theodor. In Eusebius, Werke 2, parts 1–2: Die Kirchengeschichte, ed. Eduard Schwartz, Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller, 9.1–2. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1903–08.Google Scholar
Rufinus, . The Church History of Rufinus of Aquileia; Books 10 and 11. Trans. Amidon, Philip SJ. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Saiber, Arielle. Measured Words: Computation and Writing in Renaissance Italy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salzman, Michele. “Leo's Liturgical Topography: Contestations for Space in Fifth-Century Rome.Journal of Roman Studies 103 (2013): 208–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnapp, Alain. La conquête du passè: Aux origines de l'archéologie. Paris: Éditions Carré, 1993.Google Scholar
Schwab, Maren Elisabeth. Antike begreifen: Antiquarische Texte und Praktiken in Rom von Francesco Petrarca bis Barolomeo Marliani. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 2019.Google Scholar
Sherman, William. “‘Nota Bembe’: How Bembo the Elder Read His Pliny the Younger.” In Pietro Bembo e le arti, ed. Beltramini, Guido, Burns, Howard, and Gasparotto, Davide, 119–33. Venice: Marsilio, 2013.Google Scholar
Smith, Christine. Architecture in the Culture of Early Humanism: Ethics, Aesthetics and Eloquence, 1400–1470. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Smith, Christine, and O'Connor, Joseph. Building the Kingdom: Giannozzo Manetti on the Material and Spiritual Edifice. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies; Turnhout: Brepols, 2006.Google Scholar
Smith, Christine, and O'Connor, Joseph. Eyewitness to Old St. Peter's: Maffeo Vegio's “Remembering the Ancient History of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, Christine. “Leon Battista Alberti's Inscriptions on the Holy Sepulchre in the Cappella Rucellai, San Pancrazio, Florence.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 52 (1989): 221–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stinger, Charles. The Renaissance in Rome. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Tafuri, Manfredo. Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architects. Trans. Daniel Sherer. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Tavernor, Robert. On Alberti and the Art of Building. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Thoenes, Christoph. “St Peter als Ruine: Zu einigen Veduten Heemskercks.” In Opus Incertum: Italienische Studien aus drei Jahrhunderten, ed. Beyer, Andreas, Bredekamp, Horst, and Claussen, Peter Cornelius, 245–75. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2002.Google Scholar
Trachtenberg, Marvin. Building-in-Time: From Giotto and Alberti to Modern Oblivion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Trivisani-Moreau, Isabelle. “Contribution sur Pierre-Daniel Huet, Commentarius de rebus ad eum pertinentibus.” Études littéraires 43.2 (2012): 129–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turchini, Angelo. “Rimini e il Tempio Malatestiano.” In Leon Battista Alberti e l'architettura (2006), 266–75.Google Scholar
van der Linden, Huub. “Alberti, Quid tum?, and the Redemption of Terence in Early Renaissance Humanism.Albertiana 21 (2008–09): 83104.Google Scholar
Watkins, Renée Neu. “L. B. Alberti in the Mirror: An Interpretation of the Vita with a New Translation.” Italian Quarterly 30.117 (1989): 530.Google Scholar
Weiss, Roberto. The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.Google Scholar
Westfall, Carroll William. In This Most Perfect Paradise: Alberti, Nicholas V and the Invention of Conscious Urban Planning in Rome. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Wittkower, Rudolf. Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism. London: Warburg Institute, 1949.Google Scholar