Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-fnpn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T21:15:24.017Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Paolo Veronese’s Art of Business: Painting, Investment, and the Studio as Social Nexus*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

John Garton*
Affiliation:
Clark University

Abstract

Despite the prominent career of Paolo (Caliari) Veronese (1528–88), much remains to be discovered about his patrons and peers. Several letters written by the artist are presented here for the first time, and their recipient is identified as the humanist Marcantonio Gandino. The letters reference artworks, visitors to Veronese’s studio, and economic data pertaining to the painter. Analyzing the correspondence from a variety of methodological viewpoints reveals how Veronese fulfilled commissions, interacted with nobility, and invested his painterly profits in land on the Venetian terraferma. In addition to promoting Veronese’s career and advising on financial matters, Gandino translated Plutarch and Xenophon, whose texts share classical subjects and content with Veronese’s paintings. The comparison of texts and images leaves open the possibility of an exchange between the writer and painter concerning matters of classical motifs.

Type
Studies
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 Renaissance Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

A grant from the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation, New York, in 2008 made this research possible. In the transcription and translation of these letters, I have benefitted from the advice of Federica Ambrosini, Patrizia Bortolozzo, Giovanni Caniato, Marina Coslovi, Liliana Leopardi, Paola Modesti, and especially Silvia Bottinelli, who was Visiting Professor at Clark University in 2010. I also thank Julia DeLancey, Edward Olszewski, and Kristina Wilson for their expertise and editing. All translations are my own unless otherwise noted.

References

Bibliography

Archivio di Stato — Treviso (ASTv): Estimi, b. 224, lettera “M”.Google Scholar
Archivio di Stato — Venezia (ASV): Avogaria di Comun, Matrimoni, contratti lib. 12, no. 244.Google Scholar
ASV: Libro d’oro, Nascite II, b. 283.Google Scholar
ASV: Notarile testimento, Atti Crivelli, b. 219, no. 238.Google Scholar
ASV: Sant’Uffizio, b. 153, “Elenco degli inquisitori domenicani, 1560–1755.”Google Scholar
Biblioteca Comunale di Treviso (BCT): ms. fam. tarv. gen. 1341, Nicoló Mauro, Genealogie trevigiane — Cronica.Google Scholar
BCT: ms. 1614, Dichiarazioni, c. 54.Google Scholar
Adams, F. B. Tenth Report to the Fellows of the Pierpont Morgan Library. New York, 1960.Google Scholar
Artemieva, Irina, and, Guderzo, Mario. Cinquecento veneto: Dipinti dall’Ermitage. Bassano del Grappa, 2001.Google Scholar
Bampo, Gustavo. I pittori fioriti a Treviso e nel territorio: documenti inediti dal secolo XIII al XVII dell’Archivio Notarile di Treviso. Treviso, 1899–1900.Google Scholar
Barbaro, Daniele. I dieci libri dell’architettura di M. Vitruvio tradutti et commentate da Monsignor Barbaro eletto patriarca d’Aquileggia. Venice, 1556. Annotated copy from the collection of Canon Rossi, Biblioteca Comunale di Treviso, No. 14995, S. 1–83–A.Google Scholar
Baschet, Armand. “Paul Véronèse appelé au Tribunal du Saint Office à Venise (1573).” Gazette des Beaux-Arts ( 1867 ): 378 – 82.Google Scholar
Battilotti, Donata. “Villa Barbaro a Maser: un difficile cantiere.” Storia dell’arte 53 ( 1985 ): 3353.Google Scholar
Béguin, Sylvie. “Tableaux de Veronese dans les Musées Français.” In Nuovi Studi su Paolo Veronese, ed., Gemin, Massimo, 214 – 21. Venice, 1991.Google Scholar
Beltrami, Daniele. Storia della popolazione di Venezia dalla fine del secolo XVI alla caduta della repubblica. Padua, 1954.Google Scholar
Beltrami, Daniele. Forze di lavoro e proprietà fondiarie nelle campagne venete dei secoli 17 e 18: La penetrazione economica dei veneziani in terraferma. Venice, 1966.Google Scholar
Brugnoli, Pierpaolo. “Nuovi documenti su Paolo Veronese e la sua famiglia.” Verona Illustrata 13 ( 2000 ): 1119.Google Scholar
Cadorin, Giuseppe. Dello amore ai Veneziani di Tiziano Vecellio, delle sue case in Cadore e in Venezia e delle vite de’ suoi figli. Venice, 1833.Google Scholar
Caliari, Pietro. Paolo Veronese, sua vita e sue opere: studi storico estetici di Pietro Caliari. Rome, 1888.Google Scholar
Campenhausen, Britta von. Eloquente pittore, pingente oratore: Studien zu mythologisch-allegorischen Gemälden Paolo Veroneses. Munich, 2003.Google Scholar
Casini, Paolo. “Il Dialogo di Galileo e la luna di Plutarco.” In Novità Celeste e Crisi del Sapere, ed., Galluzzi, Paolo, 5762. Florence, 1983.Google Scholar
Castiglione, Baldassare. The Book of the Courtier. Trans., Singleton, Charles. New York, 1959.Google Scholar
Charavay, Étienne. Lettres Autographes Composant la Collection de M. Alfred Bovet. Paris, 1887.Google Scholar
Cocke, Richard. “Veronese’s Ominia Vanitas and Honor et Virtus Post Mortem Floret.” Pantheon 35 ( 1977 ): 120 – 25.Google Scholar
Cocke, Richard. Veronese’s Drawings: A Catalogue Raisonné. London, 1984.Google Scholar
Cocke, Richard. “Venice, Decorum and Veronese.” In Nuovi Studi su Paolo Veronese, ed., Gemin, Massimo, 241 – 55. Venice, 1990.Google Scholar
Fehl, Philip. “Veronese and the Inquisition.” Gazette des Beaux-Arts 58 ( 1961 ): 325 – 54.Google Scholar
Gandino, Marcantonio. Le opere di Senofonte. Venice, 1588.Google Scholar
Gandino, Marcantonio. Opuscoli morali di Plutarco Cheronese, filosofo, & historico notabilissimo. Venice, 1598.Google Scholar
Gandino, Marcantonio, and, Fabri, Ottavio. L’uso del squadra mobile. Venice, 1598.Google Scholar
Gandino, Marcantonio, and, Fabri, Ottavio. L’uso del squadra mobile. Venice, 1615.Google Scholar
Garton, John. Grace and Grandeur: The Portraiture of Paolo Veronese. Turnhout, 2008.Google Scholar
Gnocchi, Lorenzo. Paolo Veronese fra artisti e letterati. Florence, 1994.Google Scholar
Gombrich, Ernst H. “The Early Medici as Patrons of Art.” In Norm and Form: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance, 3557. London, 1966.Google Scholar
Gould, Cecil. National Gallery Catalogues: The Sixteenth-Century Italian Schools. London, 1975.Google Scholar
Grassi, Luigi, and, Pepe, Mario. Dizionario della critica d’arte. 2 vols. Turin, 1978.Google Scholar
Gratz, Simon. A Book about Autographs. Philadelphia, 1920.Google Scholar
Green, Louis. “Galvano Fiamma, Azzone Visconti and the Revival of the Classical Theory of Magnificence.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 53 ( 1990 ): 98113.10.2307/751341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guzzo, Enrico Maria. “Gandino, Antonio.” In Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 52 : 152 – 53. Rome, 1990.Google Scholar
Hochmann, Michel. Peintres et Commanditaires à Venise (1540–1628). Rome, 1992.Google Scholar
Hope, Charles. “Veronese and the Venetian Tradition of Allegory.” Proceedings of the British Academy 71 ( 1985 ): 389428.Google Scholar
Humfrey, Peter. “Veronese’s High Altarpiece for San Sebastiano: A Patrician Commission for a Counter Reformation Church.” In Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, ed., Martin, John and, Romano, Dennis, 365 – 88. Baltimore, 2000.Google Scholar
Larcher, Luciana Crosato. “Note su Benedetto Caliari.” Arte veneta 23 ( 1969 ): 115 – 30.Google Scholar
Larcher, Luciana Crosato. “Precisazioni e aggiunte al ciclo a fresco di Benedetto Caliari nel salone del Vescovado di Treviso.” Arte veneta 56 ( 2000 ): 7174.Google Scholar
Lewis, Douglas. “Classical Texts and Mystic Meanings: Daniele Barbaro’s Program for the Villa Maser.” In Klassizismus: Epoche und Probleme; Festschrift für Erik Forssman, ed., zur Capellen, Jürg Meyer, 289307. Hildesheim, 1987.Google Scholar
Lewis, Douglas. “The Iconography of Veronese’s Frescos in the Villa Barbaro at Maser.” In Nuovi studi su Paolo Veronese, ed., Gemin, Massimo, 317 – 22. Venice, 1990.Google Scholar
Luskin, Fern. “Unchaste Veneration in Titian’s Worship of Venus.” In New Studies on Old Masters: Essays in Renaissance Art in Honour of Colin Eisler, ed., Garton, John and, Wolfthal, Diane, 363 – 82. Toronto, 2011.Google Scholar
Marini, Remigio, and, Piovene, Guido. L’opera completa del Veronese. Milan, 1968.Google Scholar
Melchiori, Nadal. Notizie di pittori e altri scritti. Ed., Bordignon Favero, Giampaolo. Florence, 1964.Google Scholar
Menning, Carol B. Charity and State in Late Renaissance Italy: The Monte di Pieta of Florence. New York, 1993.Google Scholar
Merkel, Ettore. “Gli exempla virtutis: una riconsiderazione dopo il restauro del soffitto del Collegio.” In Nuovi Studi su Paolo Veronese, ed., Gemin, Massimo, 380 – 90. Venice, 1990.Google Scholar
Michieli, Adriano A. “Luci ed ombre d’una grande storia.” In Miscellanea in onore di Roberto Cessi, ed., Luzzatto, Gino, 81102. Rome, 1958.Google Scholar
Palladio, Andrea. I quattro libri dell’architettura. 1570. Ed., Biraghi, Marco. Pordenone, 1992.Google Scholar
Panofsky, Erwin. Hercules am Scheidewege und andere antike Bildstoffe in der neueren Kunst. Berlin, 1930.Google Scholar
Papadopoli Aldobrandini, Nicolò. Le monete di Venezia. Venice, 1893–1919.Google Scholar
Paris Bordon. Exh. cat. Ed. Manzato, Eugenio. Treviso, 1984.Google Scholar
Parker, Karl T. Catalogue of the Collection of Drawings, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, II: Italian Schools. 2 vols. Oxford, 1956.Google Scholar
Passamani, Bruno. “La Pittura dei Secoli XVII e XVIII.” In Storia di Brescia, ed., Treccani degli Alfieri, Giovanni, 3 : 591676. Brescia, 1964.Google Scholar
Patriarchi, Gasparo. Vocabolario veneziano e padovano co’ termini e modi correspondenti toscani. 3rd ed ., Padua, 1821.Google Scholar
Pezzolo, Luciano. L’oro dello Stato: societá, finanza e fisco nella Repubblica veneta del secondo ‘500. Venice, 1990.Google Scholar
Philostratus, Flavius. The Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Trans., Conybeare, F. C.. 3 vols. Cambridge, MA, 2001.Google Scholar
Pignatti, Terisio. Veronese: l’opera completa. 2 vols. Venice, 1976.Google Scholar
Pignatti, Terisio, and, Pedrocco, Filippo. Veronese. 2 vols. Milan, 1995.Google Scholar
Priever, Andreas. Paolo Caliari, called Veronese. Cologne, 2000.Google Scholar
Puppi, Lionello. “Guadagnare e investire.” In Venezia e Venezie, Descrizioni, interpretazioni, immagini: Studi in onore di Massimo Gemin, ed., Borin, Fabrizio and, Pedrocco, Filippo, 6167. Padua, 2003.Google Scholar
Rearick, W. R. Paolo Veronese: Disegni e Dipinti. Vicenza, 1988.Google Scholar
Reist, Ingrid Jackson. “Divine Love and Veronese’s frescos at the Villa Barbaro.” Art Bulletin 67 ( 1985a ): 614 – 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reist, Ingrid Jackson. “Renaissance Harmony: The Villa Barbaro at Maser.” PhD diss ., Columbia University, 1985b.Google Scholar
Renucci, Giorgio. “Il Convento di S. Maria del Gesù in Treviso (Memorie Storiche).” Le Venezie Francescane 30 ( 1963–66 ): 360.Google Scholar
Ridolfi, Carlo. Le Meraviglie dell’Arte…. Ed., Freiherrn von Hadeln, Detlev. Rome, 1965.Google Scholar
Rogers, Mary. “An Ideal Wife at the Villa Maser: Veronese, the Barbaros and Renaissance Theorists of Marriage.” Renaissance Studies 7 ( 1993 ): 379 – 97.10.1111/1477-4658.00141CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossi, Paola. “I Protagonisti.” In Architettura e Utopia nella Venezia del Cinquecento, ed., Puppi, Lionello, 242 – 43. Milan, 1980.Google Scholar
Ryskamp, Charles. Seventeenth Report to the Fellow of the Pierpont Morgan Library 1972–1974. New York, 1976.Google Scholar
Salomon, Xavier. Veronese’s Allegories: Virtue, Love, and Exploration in Renaissance Venice. New York, 2006.Google Scholar
Schiavon, Alessandra. Vite dei Tintoretto da le Maraviglie dell’arte … [Carlo Ridolfi]. Ed., Manno, Antonio. Venice, 1994.Google Scholar
Schutte, Anne Jacobson. Aspiring Saints: Pretense of Holiness, Inquisition, and Gender in the Republic of Venice, 1618–1750. Baltimore, 2001.Google Scholar
Shea, William. “Looking at the Moon as Another Earth: Terrestrial Analogies and Seventeenth-Century Telescopes.” In Metaphor and Analogy in the Sciences, ed., Hallyn, Fernand, 83104. Dordrecht, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Signori, Franco, and, Vinco da Sesso, Livia Alberton. “Il Testamento di Iacopo dal Ponte detto il Bassano.” Arte Veneta 33 ( 1979 ): 161 – 64.Google Scholar
Sitwell, Osbert. The Frick Collection: An Illustrated Catalogue of the Works of Art in the Collection of Henry Clay Frick. Pittsburgh, 1949.Google Scholar
Smuts, R. Malcolm. Court Culture and the Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart England. Philadelphia, 1999.Google Scholar
Spear, Richard, and, Sohm, Philip. Painting for Profit: The Economic Lives of Seventeenth-Century Italian Painters. New Haven, 2010.Google Scholar
Stern, Virginia F. “The Biblioteca of Gabriel Harvey.” Renaissance Quarterly 25.1 ( 1972 ): 162.10.2307/2859624CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terribile, Claudia. Del piacere della virtù: Paolo Veronese, Alessandro Magno e il patriziato veneziano. Venice, 2009.Google Scholar
Tiraboschi, Girolamo. Storia della Letteratura Italiana. 7 vols. Venice, 1824.Google Scholar
Trebbi, Giuseppe. Francesco Barbaro, patrizio veneto e Patriarca di Aquileia. Udine, 1984.Google Scholar
Vasari, Giorgio. Le Vite de’ più eccellenti pittori scultori ed archetettori, con nuove annotazioni e commenti di Gaetano Milanesi. Ed., Milanesi, Gaetano. 6 vols. 1907. Reprint, Florence, 1973.Google Scholar
Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Trans., de Vere, Gaston Duc. 10 vols. London, 1912–14.Google Scholar
Veronese: Gods, Heroes and Allegories. Exh cat. Ed. Nitti, Patrizia,, Pedrocco, Filippo,, Romanelli, Giandomenico, and, Strinati, Claudio. Paris, 2004.Google Scholar
Wallace, William. Michelangelo: The Artist, the Man, and His Times. Cambridge, 2010.Google Scholar
Weinberg, Bernard. A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance. 2 vols. Chicago, 1961.Google Scholar
Xenophon. Memorabilia. Trans. Marchant, E. C.. Cambridge, MA, 2002.Google Scholar
Zanotto, Francesco. Il Palazzo Ducale di Venezia illustrato. 4 vols. Venice, 1853–58.Google Scholar