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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2009
Although volumes are now written about basic human needs, few of them issue from the subjects of those needs: the desperately poor. And a recent Third World document warns that:
While the satisfaction of basic human needs of the people, and the eradication of mass poverty must have a high priority in economic and social development, the idea is unacceptable and erroneous that these goals can be achieved without the all-round and comprehensive economic development of the developing countries and the establishment of the New International Economic Order.
1 Arusha Programme for Collective Self-Reliance and Framework for Negotiations, UNCTAD V, 05 1979, p. 28Google Scholar. Fifth Session, 7 May. U.N. Document TD/236 dated 28 February 1979.
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8 Gandhi always preached the primacy of Basic Human Needs for the masses. The French “Economy and Humanism” group created in 1942 did likewise. On the latter see Lebret, Louis Joseph and Moreaux, René, “Manifeste d'Economie et Humanisme,” Economie et Humanisme, 02/03 1942.Google Scholar
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16 On the distinction between possible and potential resources, see Lebret, L. J., Dynamique Concrete du Development (Paris, 1961), p. 195Google Scholar. For Lebret “potentialities” are resources in the raw state; they are utilizable at given present levels of technical knowledge. “Possibilities,” in turn, are those which can be expected to become utilizable over a varying time horizon, with the advent of technological and other improvements.
17 Collier, David, Squatters and Oligarchs (Baltimore, 1976).Google Scholar
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19 Information obtained by the author in interviews with NABISCO officials.
20 Kumar, Krishna, ed., Bonds without Bondage (Honolulu, 1979).Google Scholar
21 On this see Sagasti, Francisco R., Science and Technology for Development: Main Comparative Report of the STPI Project, vol. 2 (Ottawa, 1978).Google Scholar
22 These requirements are examined in Gonod, Pierre F., Cles pour le Transfert Technologique (Washington, D. C., 1974).Google Scholar
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30 Cf. Hesburgh, Theodore M. and Grant, James P., “The United States and World Development,” McLaughlin, United States and World Development, pp. 1–14.Google Scholar
31 For more on this two-tiered system, see Goulet, Denis, “Notes on the Ethics of Developmental Assistance,”Google Scholar in Kumar, , Bonds without Bondage.Google Scholar
32 Weiss, Charles Jr., “Mobilizing Technology for Developing Countries,” Science, 203 (1979), 1088 (italics added).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33 Ibid.
34 Goulet, , Uncertain PromiseGoogle Scholar, chap. 9: “Technology Transfers in Context: An Evolving World Order.”
35 Mendlovitz, Saul H., ed., On the Creation of a Just World Order (New York, 1975)Google Scholar; Falk, Richard A., A Study of Future Worlds (New York, 1975).Google Scholar
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