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The Soviet Concept of Satellite States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2009

Extract

Is there a clear-cut Soviet concept of satellite states? Apparently not, for, from the official Soviet point of view a satellite state east of the Iron Curtain is an anomaly: ca n'existe pas. The very idea, the Soviets would have us believe, is an aberration, a falsification concocted, to use the Communist jargon, by the “ideological armbearers of the American monopolists and imperialists.” Unfortunately, this stand is not corroborated by facts. It is for us in the Western world as well as for the millions of private, honest citizens in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe that the existence of satellite states behind the Iron Curtain means a most disquieting and indeed a sinister reality.

The term “satellite state” is first of all a question of political semantics. If one consults the records of the United Nations Commission which has just completed its work on the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” he can readily appreciate the polarity between our approach and that of the Soviet camp to a whole register of political definitions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Notre Dame 1949

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References

1 Already in the first meeting of the Human Rights Commission in January 1947 “indications of a fundamental difference of approach appeared when the Yugoslav member stated that new economic conditions in the twentieth century have given birth to a collective spirit, that personal freedom can be obtained only through perfect harmony between the individual and the community, and that the social ideal lies in making the interests of society and of die individual identical.” And one of the basic difficulties throughout the work of the Commission was the question “whether the emphasis in the Declaration should be on the right of the individual or the right of the state.” The Brookings Institution, Major Problems of United States Foreign Policy, 1948–49 (Washington, 1948), p. 113 f.Google Scholar

2 The inconsistencies in the Soviet attitude towards the idea of sovereignty since die revolution and its present “glaring contradictions and the biased advocacy of different solutions for identical problems, dependent solely on partisan considerations and political expediency” are very well demonstrated by Vishniak, Mark in his article “Sovereignty in Soviet Law,” The Russian Review, 01 1949, Vol. VIII, no. 1.Google Scholar

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7 This Realm was to consist of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Czardom of Bulgaria, the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Montenegro. If possible, the last two kingdoms were to be amalgamated. Of the other countries of southeastern Europe, Romania (enlarged through the annexation of southeastern Hungary and southern Bucovina) and Greece (strengthened through the incorporation of southern and eastern Albania) were meant to conclude a mutual alliance and enter into a customs union with the All-Slav Realm. Similarly, Hungary, deprived of the bulk of its former territorial possessions and with a population reduced to 5–6 million inhabitants, was expected to fall because of its geopolitical environment, into the orbit of the Slavic Realm. And finally Russia proper was to add to its former possessions eastern Galicia, northern Bucovina, Carpathian Russia, and a part of East Prussia, including the town of Koenigsberg. Jung, Rudolf, Die Tschechen (Berlin, 1937), pp. 98 ff. and 206 ff.Google Scholar

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10 The countries of Eastern Europe did not need, according to the Moscow Pravda of January 28, 1948, “a problematic and invented federation or customs union but a strengthening of their independence and sovereignty through the organization of internal popular and ‘democratic’ forces, as has been stated in the declaration of the nine Communist parties (Cominform).” U. S. Department of State, Documents and State Papers, 07 1948, Vol. I (Washington, D. C.) p. 223 ff.Google Scholar

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