Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T02:00:55.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Skin diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

Bronwyn R Hughes*
Affiliation:
Royal London Hospital Trust, UK
*
Bronwyn R Hughes, Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital Trust, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Beauregard, S, Gilcrest, BA.A survey of skin problems and skin care regimes in the elderly. Arch Dermatol 1987; 123: 1638–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Goldsmith, LA ed. Biochemistry and physiology of the skin, second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
3Gilcrest, BA, Yaar, M.Ageing and photoageing of the skin: observations at the cellular and molecular level. Br J Dermatol 1992; 127 (suppl 41): 2530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Gilcrest, BA, Ageing of the skin. In: Fitzpatrick, TB, Elsen, AZ, Wolff, K et al. eds. Dermatology in general medicine, third edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 1987: 146–53.Google Scholar
5Dalziel, KL.Aspects of cutaneous ageing. Clin Exp Dermatol 1991; 16; 315–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Lapiere, CM.The ageing dermis: the main cause for the appearance of ‘old’ skin. Br J Dermarol 1990; 122 (suppl 35): 511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Santamaria, L, Bianchi, A.The role of oxygen radicals in skin and skin appendages and photocarcinogenesis as studied by chemoprevention with carotenoids. G Ital Chir Dermatol Oncol 1987; 2: 403408.Google Scholar
8Garmyn, M, Yaar, M, Howrigan, P, Gilcrest, BA.Influence of ageing on gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes. Clin Res 1991; 39: 525A.Google Scholar
9Balm, AK, Allen, RG. Molecular basis of biological ageing. Clin Geriatr Med 1989; 9: 121.Google Scholar
10Weinstein, GD, Nigra, TP, Pochi, PE et al. Topical tretinoin for the treatment of photodamaged skin: a multicentre study. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127: 659–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Ebling, FJG, Eady, RAJ, Leigh, IM. Anatomy and organisation of human skin. In: Champion, RH, Burton, JL, Ebling, FJG eds. Textbook of dermatology, fifth edition. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
12Blair, SD, Wright, DDI, Backhouse, CM, Riddle, E, McCollum, CN.Sustained compression and healing of chronic venous ulcers. Br Med J 1988; 297: 1159–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Moffat, CJ, Franks, PJ, Oldroyd, M et al. Community clinics for leg ulcers and impact on healing. Br Med J 1992; 305: 1389–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Callum, MJ, Ruckley, CV, Dale, JJ, Harper, DR.Hazards of compression on treatment of the leg: an estimate from Scottish surgeons. Br Med J 1987; 295: 1382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Tatnall, FM, Leigh, IM, Gibson, JR. Comparative toxicity of antimicrobial agents on transformed human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1987; 89: 316–18.Google Scholar
16Carver, N, Leigh, IM.Synthetic dressings. Int J Dermatol 1992; 31: 1018.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Leigh, IM, Purkis, PE, Navsaria, HA.Treatment of chronic venous ulcers with sheets of cultured allogenic keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 1987; 117: 591–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Leigh, IM, McKay, I, Carver, N, Navsaria, H, Green, C.Skin equivalents and cultured skin: from the petri dish to the patient. Wound 1991; 3: 141–48.Google Scholar
19Moll, MAE, Nanning, PB, Van Eendenberg, JP et al. Grafting of venous leg ulcers: an intraindividual comparison between cultured skin equivalent and full thickness skin pinch grafts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 24: 7782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20MacKay, I, Leigh, IM.Epidermal cytokines and their role in cutaneous wound healing. Br J Dermatol 1991; 124: 513–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Brain, A, Purkis, P, Coates, P, Hackett, M, Navsaria, H, Leigh, IM. Survival of cultured allogeneic keratinocytes transplanted to deep dermal bed assessed with probe specific for Y chromosome. Br Med J 1989; 298: 917–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Shah, M, Foreman, DM, Ferguson, MWF. Control of scarring in adult wounds by neutralising antibodies to transforming growth factor beta. Lancet 1992; 339: 213–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Gallagher, RP, Ma, B, McLean, DI et al. Trends in BCC and SCC and melanoma of the skin from 1973 through 1987. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 23: 413–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24MacKie, R, Elwood, J, Hawke, J.Links between exposure to UVR and skin cancer. J Coll Phys 1987; 21: 9196.Google Scholar
25Holt, PJ.Cryotherapy for skin cancer: results over a five year period using liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery. Br J Dermatol 1988; 119: 231–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Bumsted, RM, Ceilly, RI. Auricular malignant neoplasms: identification of high risk lesions and selection of method of reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol 1992; 108: 225–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Kwa, RE, Camparak, K, Moy, RL.Biology of SCC. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26: 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Glover, MT, Bodmer, J, Bodmer, W et al. HLA antigen frequencies in renal transplant recipients and non immunosuppressed patients with non melanoma skin cancer. Eur J Cancer 1993 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Osterlind, A, Hou-Jensen, OM. Incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Denmark 1978–1982. Anatomic site distribution, histologic types, and comparison with non-melanoma skin cancer. Br J Cancer 1988; 58: 385–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30McHenry, PM, Hold, DJ, MacKie, RM. Melanoma in people aged 65 and over in Scotland 1979–89. Br Med J 1992; 304: 746–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Keefe, M, White, JE, Perkins, P. Nodular melanomas in the over 50 age group: the next target for health education. Br J Dermatol 1990; 123 (suppl 37): 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Newton, JA. Familial melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Kerl, H, Cerroni, L, Burg, G. The morphologic spectrum of T cell lymphomas of the skin: a proposal for a new classification. Semin Diagn Pathol 1991; 8: 5561.Google ScholarPubMed
34Hoppe, RT, Wood, GS, Abel, EA. Mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome: pathology, staging, and treatment. Curr Prob Cancer 1990; 14: 301–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Edelson, R, Berger, C, Gasparro, F et al. Treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma by extracorporeal photochemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 297303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Williams, HC. Is the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increasing? Clin Exp Dermatol 1992; 17: 385–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Sampson, HA. Pathogenesis of eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 1990; 20: 459–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38Bruynzeel, Kooman C, Van der Donk, EMM, Brurynzeel, PLB, Capron, M, de Gast, GC, Mudde, GC. Associated expression of CD1 antigen and FC receptor for IgE on experimental Langerhan's cells from patients with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1988; 74: 137–42.Google Scholar
39Bos, JD, Weerenga, EA, Smith, HS, van de Heijden, FL, Kapsenberg, ML. Immune dysregulation in atopic eczema. Arch Dermatol 1992; 128: 1509–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40Atherton, DJ, Carabott, F, Glover, MT, Hawke, JL. The role of psoralen chemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of severe atopic eczema in adolescence. Br J Dermarol 1988; 118: 791–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Sowden, JM, Berth-Jones, J, Ross, JS et al. Double blind crossover study of cyclosponin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1991; 338: 137–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42Burton, JL. Essential fatty acids and the skin. In: Champion, RH, Pye, RJ eds. Recent advances in dermatology, volume 8. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1990: 129–45.Google Scholar
43Sheehan, MP, Rustin, MHA, Atherton, DJ et al. Efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal therapy in adult atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1992; 340: 1317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Cottenill, JA. Psychological aspects of eczema. Semin Dermatol 1990; 9: 216–19.Google Scholar
45Bergbrant, IM, Faeergemann, J. The role of pityrosporum ovale in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Semin Dermatol 1990; 9: 262–68.Google Scholar
46English, JS, Ford, G, Beck, MH, Rycroft, RI. Allergic contact dermatitis from topical and systemic steroids. Contact Dermatitis 1990; 23: 196–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Barker, JNWN. The pathophysiology of psoriasis. Lancet 1991; 38: 227–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Baker, BS, Fry, L. The immunology of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1992; 126: 6671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49Griffiths, CEM. Psoniasis. Pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 27: 98102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50RDR Camp. Psoriasis. In: Champion, RH, Burton, JL, Ebling, FJG eds. Textbook of dermatology, fifth edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.Google Scholar
51Hull, SM, Goodfield, M, Wood, EJ, Cunliffe, WJ.Active and inactive edges of psoriatic plaques: identification by tracing and investigation by laser Doppler flowmetry and immunocytochemical techniques. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 92: 782–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52Workshop of the Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London; Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow; British Association of Dermatologists. Guidelines for management of patients with psoriasis. Br Med J 1991; 303: 829–35.Google Scholar
53Kragballe, K, Beck, HI, Sogaard, H.Improvement of psoniasis by a topical vitamin Danalogue (MC 903) in a double blind study. Br J Dermatol 1988; 119: 223–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Saurat, JH, Geiger, JM, Amblard, P et al. Randomised double blind multicentre study comparing acitretin PUVA, etretinate PUVA, and placebo PUVA in the treatment of severe psoriasis. Dermatologica 1988; 177: 218–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55Powles, AV, Baker, BS, Valdimarsson, H, Hulme, B, Fry, L.Four years' experience with cyclosponin for psoniasis. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122 (suppl 36): 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56Finlay, AY, Khan, GK, Luscombe, DK, Salek, MS.Validation of sickness impact profile and psoriasis disability index in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1990; 123: 751–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57Eady, RAJ.The basement membrane. Interface between the epithelium and the dermis: structural features. Arch Dermatol 1988; 124: 709–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58Mutasin, DF, Diaz, LA.The revelance of immunohistochemical techniques in the differentiation of subepidermal bullous diseases. Am J Dermatopathol 1991; 13: 7783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59Willsteed, E, Bogal, BS, Black, MM, McKee, P, Wojnarowska, F.Use of the 1M NaCl split skin in the indirect IMF of linear IgA bullous dermatoses. J Cutan Pathol 1990; 17: 144–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60Mutasun, DF, Morrison, LH, Takahashi, Y et al. Definition of bullous pemphigoid antibody binding to intercellular and extracellular antigen associated hemidesmosomes. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 92: 225–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61Cook, AL, Hanahoe, TH, Mallet, RB, Pye, RI.Recognition of two distinct major antigens by bullous pemphigoid sera. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122: 435–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62Venning, VA, Millard, PR, Wojnarowska, F.Dapsone as first line therapy for bullous pemphigoid. Br J Derinatol 1989; 120: 8392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Venning, VA, Wojnarowska, F.Lack of predictive factors for the clinical course of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26: 585–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64Lindelof, B, Islam, N, Eklund, G.Pemphigoid and cancer. Arch Dermatol 1990; 126: 6668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65Eyre, RN, Stanley, JR.Human autoantibodies against a desmosomal protein complex with a calcium sensitive epitope are characteristic of pemphigus foleacious patients. J Exp Med 1987; 165: 1719–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66Bernard, P, Prost, K, Lecerf, V et al. Studies of cicatricial pemphigoid auto antibodies using direct immuno electron microscopy and immunoblot analysis. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94: 630–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67Venning, VA, Allen, J, Millard, PR, Wojnarowska, F.The localisation of the bullous pemphigoid and cicatricial pemphigoid antigens: direct and indirect immunofluorescence of suction blisters. Br J Dermatol 1989; 121: 305–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68Peters, MS, Rogers, RS.Clinical correlations of linear IgA deposition at the cutaneous basement membrane zone. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 20: 761–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69Shimizu, H, McDonald, JN, Gumer, DB et al. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen and the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen have a common immunolocalisation to anchoring fibrils and lamina densa basement membrane. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122: 577–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70Venning, VA, Whitehead, PH, Leigh, IM, Allen, J, Wojnarowska, F.The clinical expression of bullous pemphigoid is not determined by the specificity of target antigens. Br J Dermatol 1991; 125: 561–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71Stanley, JR. Pemphigus and pemphigoid as paradigms of organ specific auto antibody mediated diseases. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1443–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar