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1 IRELAND
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 September 2022
Extract
The Liberal peer and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland encourages Lord Londonderry, as Lord Lieutenant of County Down, to appoint two ‘political opponents’ to the vacant positions of Deputy Lieutenant for County Down.
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- Primary source material
- Information
- Royal Historical Society Camden Fifth Series , Volume 63: ARISTOCRACY, DEMOCRACY, AND DICTATORSHIP , July 2022 , pp. 13 - 84
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Historical Society
References
1 Ivor Churchill Guest (1873–1939), MP Plymouth 1900–1906 (Con. to 1904, then Lib.), Lib. MP Cardiff 1906–1910; Paymaster Gen. 1910–1912, Lord Lt of Ire., 1915–1918; cr. Baron Ashby St Legers 1910, suc. 2nd Baron Wimborne 1914, cr. Viscount Wimborne 1918.
2 Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1878–1949), Con. MP Maidstone 1906–1915; Senator NI 1921–1929; Under-Sec. for Air 1920–1921; Min. of Educ. and Leader of Senate (NI) 1921–1926; 1st Comm. of Works 1928–1929, 1931; Sec. for Air 1931–1935; Lord Privy Seal and Leader of House of Lords 1935; KG 1919, styled Viscount Castlereagh 1884–1915, suc. 7th Marquess of Londonderry 1915.
3 The coalition (Lib. and Con.) government.
4 Marmion is an old family name associated with Co. Down.
5 Robert Gordon Sharman-Crawford (1853–1934), Dep. Lt for Co. Down; Unionist MP East Belfast 1914–1918, Mid-Down 1921–1922; Senator NI 1921–1934.
6 Richard Dawson Bates (1876–1949), solicitor and politician; sec., Ulster Unionist Council 1905–1921; Ulster Unionist MP (NI) East Belfast 1921–1929, Victoria Division 1929–1943; Min. of Home Affairs (NI) 1921–1943; kt. 1921.
7 George Frederick Ernest (1865–1936), Prince of Wales 1901–1910, King George V 1910–1936.
8 Ogilvie B. Graham (1865–1928).
9 Kildare Street Club, Dublin, est. 1782, from 1975 the Kildare Street and University Club. Londonderry did not list membership of the Club in Who's Who.
10 Philip George Cambray (dates unknown), political organizer and writer, sec. Union Defence League 1910s; Con. Central Office employee 1919–1928; dep. dir. Publicity, Con. Central Office 1927–1928.
11 Frank Hall (1876–1964), sec., Unionist Clubs of Ireland; UVF gunrunner and wartime intelligence officer.
12 Near Warrenpoint.
13 John Miller Andrews (1871–1956), industrialist and politician; Ulster Unionist MP (NI) Co. Down 1921–1929, Mid-Down 1930–1953; Min. of Labour (NI) 1921–1937; Min. of Finance (NI) 1937–1940; PM (NI) 1940–1943.
14 Francis Charles Adalbert Henry Needham (1883–1961), soldier and landowner; styled Viscount Newry and Mourne 1883–1915, suc. 4th Earl of Kilmorey 1915.
15 D3099/8/2F.
16 Neither King nor Marmion were appointed. The candidate appointed in 1915, according to the Belfast and Province of Ulster Directory (Belfast, 1916), was Daniel McCartan of Newcastle. According to the records of the present Clerk to the Lord Lt of Co. Down, the two candidates appointed in 1915 were Maj. Frank Hall and the Earl of Kilmorey; James Craig was appointed in 1916, and in 1917 there was a larger cohort of appointments: E.H.S. Nugent, Sir R.M. Liddell, James Heron, Viscount Bangor, John Miller Andrews, Charles E. Allan, Frank Workman, and Edwin Hughes. No one was appointed in 1918.
17 Francis Knight (dates unknown), Christian missionary and resident of Putney.
18 The Times, 16 May 1916, p. 9.
19 Laurence Ginnell (1852–1923), barrister and author; MP for Westmeath North 1906–1918 (United Irish League to 1910, then independent Nationalist to 1917, then Sinn Féin), afterwards TD (Teachta Dála, member of the Dáil) for Westmeath 1918–1923.
20 Herbert Henry Asquith (1852–1928), Lib. MP Fife East 1886–1918, Paisley 1920–1924; Home Sec. 1892–1895; Chanc. of Exchequer 1905–1908; PM 1908–1916; Lib. leader 1908–1926; cr. Earl of Oxford and Asquith 1925.
21 William Buchan (dates unknown), writes on notepaper headed with Scottish Conservative Club, Edinburgh.
22 Augustine Birrell (1850–1933), barrister and politician; Lib. MP Fifeshire West 1899–1900, Bristol North 1906–1918; Pres. Bd. of Educ. 1905–1907; Chief Sec. for Ire. 1907–1916.
23 John Edward Redmond (1856–1918); Irish barrister and politician; Nationalist MP New Ross 1881–1885, Wexford 1885–1891, Waterford 1891–1918; leader of Nationalist Party 1900–1918.
24 Walter Hume Long (1854–1924), Con. MP Wiltshire North 1880–1885, Wiltshire East 1885–1892, Liverpool West Derby 1893–1900, Bristol South 1900–1906, Co. Dublin South 1906–1910, Strand 1910–1918, Westminster St George's 1918–1921; Parl. Sec. Local Govt. Bd. 1886–1892, Pres. of Bd. of Agric. 1895–1900, Pres. Local Govt. Bd. 1900–1905, 1915–1916, Chief Sec. for Ire. 1905, Colonial Sec. 1916–1919, 1st Lord of Admiralty 1919–1921; cr. Viscount Long of Wraxall 1921.
25 David Lloyd George (1863–1945), Lib. MP Caernarvon Boroughs 1890–1945; Pres. Bd. of Trade 1906–1908; Chanc. of Exchequer 1908–1915; Min. of Munitions 1915–1916; Sec. for War 1916; Coalition PM 1916–1922; cr. Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 1945.
26 Unknown.
27 Long's wife, Dorothy Blanche (1858–1938).
28 Ronald John McNeill (1861–1934), Con. MP Kent St Augustine's 1911–1918, Canterbury 1918–1927; Under-Sec. FO, 1922–1924, 1924–1925, FST 1925–1927, Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1927–1929; cr. Baron Cushendun 1927; McNeill, an Ulsterman, was a prominent advocate of the settlement.
29 Edward Henry Carson (1854–1935), lawyer and politician; Unionist MP Dublin Univ. 1892–1918, Belfast Duncairn 1918–1921; Solicitor Gen. for Ire. 1892; Solicitor Gen. 1900–1905; Attorney Gen. 1915; 1st Lord of Admiralty 1916–1917; Min. without Portfolio 1917–1918; Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1921–1929; kt. 1900, cr. Baron Carson of Duncairn 1921.
30 The constitutional crisis over the House of Lords that resulted in two general elections, in January and December, and the Liberal government remaining in office through the support of Irish nationalist MPs.
31 The former Lord Lt of Ire.
32 John Denton Pinkstone French (1852–1925), CIGS 1912–1914, Field Marshal 1913, commanded BEF 1914–1915; Lord Lt of Ire. 1918–1921; kt. 1900, KP 1917, cr. Viscount French 1916, Earl of Ypres 1922.
33 This accounts for the unusual layout, in which ‘(D)’ follows ‘(3)’ and not (4), as might be expected, since the ‘(D)’ appears – from the correspondence in reply that follows – to have been added by Lady Londonderry.
34 On 1 July 1916 Lord Londonderry was with his cavalry regiment, the Blues, at the opening of the Battle of the Somme.
35 William Waldegave Palmer (1859–1942), MP Hampshire East 1885–1892 (Lib. to 1886, then Lib. Unionist), Edinburgh West 1892–1895; Under-Sec. Colonial Office 1895–1900, 1st Lord of Admiralty 1900–1905, Pres. Bd. of Agric. and Fisheries 1915–1916; kt. 1905, KG 1909, styled Viscount Wolmer 1882–1895, suc. 2nd Earl of Selborne 1895.
36 (William) St John Brodrick (1856–1942), Con. MP Surrey West 1880–1885, Surrey South-West 1885–1906; FS War Office 1886–1892, Under-Sec. for War 1895–1898, Under-Sec. FO 1898–1900, Sec. for War 1900–1903, India Sec. 1903–1905; KP 1915, suc. 9th Viscount Midleton 1907, cr. Earl of Midleton 1920.
37 The unusual layout is replicated from the original.
38 Edward Carson.
39 Ronald McNeill.
40 Edward Carson.
41 Londonderry supported Carson at the Ulster Unionist Council executive held on 6 June 1916, when Carson proposed the exclusion of six counties rather than the exclusion of Ulster's nine counties from the immediate implementation of home rule.
42 Leinster, Munster, and Connacht. The immediate exclusion of six counties partitioned Ulster as well as Ireland given that three Ulster counties remained outside the excluded area.
43 Delegates of the Ulster Unionist Council.
44 The 1800 Act of Union permitted the Irish peers to elect 28 of their number, for life, to the United Kingdom House of Lords.
45 Lionel Arthur Henry Seymour Dawson-Damer (1883–1959), suc. 6th Earl of Portarlington 1900.
46 John Brownlee Lonsdale (1850–1924), Unionist MP Mid-Armagh 1900–1918; acting leader Ulster Unionist MPs 1916–1918; cr. Bart. 1911, Baron Armaghdale 1918.
47 Edward George Villiers Stanley (1865–1948), Con. MP South-East Lancashire 1892–1906; FS to War Office 1900–1903; Postmaster Gen. 1903–1905; Under-Sec. for War 1916; Sec. for War 1916–1918, 1922–1924; styled Lord Stanley 1893–1908, suc. 17th Earl of Derby 1908, KG 1919.
48 Stephen Gwynn (1864–1950), Irish writer, politician, and soldier; Nationalist MP Galway 1906–1918.
49 General Headquarters.
50 Samuel Edward Scott (1873–1943), soldier and politician; Con. MP West Marylebone 1898–1918, Marylebone 1918–1922; suc. 6th Bart. 1883.
51 Algernon Francis Stanley (1874–1962), soldier.
52 Reginald Herbert (1880–1960), soldier and landowner; suc. 15th Earl of Pembroke 1913.
53 Established in 1912, it was combined with Royal Naval Air Service in 1918 to form the RAF.
54 Unknown.
55 David Henderson (1862–1921), soldier; Dir. Gen. Military Aeronautics 1913–1918; kt. 1914.
56 Representation within the proposed parliament then being discussed at the Irish Convention.
57 Elizabeth Mary Margaret Plunkett née Burke (1862–1944), socialite; married 11th Earl of Fingall 1883.
58 Theatre Royal, Dublin.
59 Refers to the Liberal government's reliance, after the two general elections held in 1910, on Irish Nationalist MPs and Labour MPs to ensure a majority in the House of Commons.
60 A fallacy in which a person asserts that their interlocutor's position must be invalid as it is inconsistent with their previous words and actions.
61 For Fingall's apologetic and explanatory reply, see Countess of Fingall with Pamela Hickson, Seventy Years Young: Memories of Elizabeth, Countess of Fingall (Dublin, 1991), 383–384.
62 Derby's son-in-law, Neil Primrose (1882–1917), Lib. MP Wisbech 1910–1917, had recently died on active service in Palestine.
63 Unknown.
64 Lady Londonderry was in 1914 appointed colonel-in-chief of the Women's Volunteer Reserve. In 1915 she established the Women's Legion which by 1917 had evolved into the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps.
65 Kildare Street Club.
66 Bryan Thomas Mahon (1862–1930), soldier; commanded 10th (Irish) Division 1914–1916; C.-in-C. British Army in Ireland 1916–1918; Senator IFS 1922–1930; kt. 1922.
67 Influenza.
68 John Baptist Crozier (1853–1920), Church of Ire. prelate; Archbishop of Armagh 1911–1920.
69 The Marquess and Marchioness of Headfort.
70 Joseph Devlin (1871–1934), Nationalist MP North Kilkenny 1902–1906, West Belfast 1906–1922, Fermanagh and Tyrone 1929–1934; MP (NI) Co. Antrim and West Belfast 1921–1929, Belfast Central 1929–1934; pres. Ancient Order of Hibernians 1905–1934.
71 Patrick O'Donnell (1856–1927), Irish Catholic prelate; Bishop of Raphoe 1888–1923; Archbishop of Armagh 1924–1927; cr. Cardinal 1925.
72 (Thomas) Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924), academic and politician; Gov. of New Jersey 1910–1912; United States (US) Pres. 1913–1921; awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1919.
73 Daily Express.
74 Andrew Bonar Law (1858–1923), Con. MP Glasgow Blackfriars 1900–1906, Dulwich 1906–1910, Bootle 1911–1918, Central Glasgow 1918–1923; Colonial Sec. 1915–1916; Chanc. of Exchequer 1916–1919; Leader of House of Commons 1916–1921; member of War Cabinet 1916–1919; Lord Privy Seal 1919–1921; PM 1922–1923; Con. leader 1911–1921, 1922–1923.
75 (William) Maxwell Aitken (1879–1964), Con. MP Ashton 1910–1916; prop. of Daily Express 1916–1964, of Sunday Express 1918–1964, of Evening Standard 1923–1964; Min. of Information 1918–1919; Min. of Aircraft Production 1940–1941; Min. of Supply 1941–1942; Lord Privy Seal 1942–1945; cr. Bart. 1916, Baron Beaverbrook 1917.
76 Douglas Haig (1861–1928), army officer; C.-in-C. BEF 1915–1919; C.-in-C. Forces in Great Britain 1919–1920; Field Marshal 1919; kt. 1911, cr. Earl Haig 1919.
77 Herbert Alexander Lawrence (1861–1943), soldier and banker; Chief of Staff at HQ British Armies in France 1918; kt. 1917.
78 Hugh Thomas Barrie (1860–1922), Scottish-born businessman and politician; Ulster Unionist MP North Londonderry 1906–1918, 1919–1922; Senator NI 1921–1922.
79 Edward Carson.
80 Shelbourne Hotel, Dublin.
81 William Robert Robertson (1860–1933); army officer; CIGS 1915–1918; Field Marshal 1920; kt. 1917, cr. Bart. 1919.
82 Unknown.
83 Frederick Scott Oliver (1864–1934), managing dir. Debenhams Ltd 1905–1920; campaigning advocate of imperial federation.
84 George Nicoll Barnes (1859–1940), Lab. MP Glasgow Blackfriars 1906–1918, National Democratic Party MP Glasgow Gorbals 1918–1922; Min. of Pensions 1916–17; Min. without Portfolio 1917–1920.
85 Roman Catholic.
86 William Henry (1650–1702), Prince of Orange 1650–1702, King William III of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1689–1702.
87 Organized by Irish nationalists to protest against conscription.
88 General French, viceroy of Ireland.
89 Edward Shortt (1862–1935), Lib. MP Newcastle 1910–1918, Newcastle West 1918–1922; Chief Sec. for Ire. 1918–1919; Home Sec. 1919–1922.
90 Mare in Londonderry's stable.
91 Walter Long.
92 (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain (1863–1937), MP Worcestershire East 1892–1914 (Lib. Unionist to 1912, then Con.), Con. MP Birmingham West 1914–1937; Postmaster Gen. 1902–1903; Chanc. of Exchequer 1903–1905, 1919–1921; India Sec. 1915–1917; member of War Cabinet 1918–1919; Lord Privy Seal 1921–1922; For. Sec. 1924–1929; 1st Lord of Admiralty 1931; Con. leader 1921–1922; KG 1925.
93 The purported plot between Germany and Sinn Féin.
94 Voluntary recruitment scheme that was a precursor to conscription in Great Britain.
95 Hugh Robert Cecil (1869–1956), Con. MP Greenwich 1895–1906, Oxford Univ. 1910–1937; styled Lord Hugh Cecil 1869–1941, cr. Baron Quickswood 1941.
96 Ferdinand Foch (1851–1929), French army officer; C.-in.-C. Allied Armies Western Front and Italian Front 1918; Marshal of France 1918.
97 George Lambton (1860–1945), horse trainer at Lord Derby's stable, Newmarket.
98 Listed flat horse race at Newmarket.
99 George Nathaniel Curzon (1859–1925), Con. MP South-West Lancashire 1886–1898; Under-Sec. India Office 1891–1892; Under-Sec. FO 1895–1898; Viceroy of India 1898–1905; Lord Privy Seal 1915–1916; Pres. Air Bd. 1916; Lord Pres. 1916–1919, 1924–1925; member of War Cabinet 1916–1919; For. Sec. 1919–1924; kt. 1898, KG 1916, cr. Baron Curzon of Kedleston 1898, Earl Curzon of Kedleston 1911, Marquess Curzon of Kedleston 1921, suc. 5th Baron Scarsdale 1916.
100 Alfred Milner (1854–1925), imperial administrator; member of War Cabinet and Min. without Portfolio 1916–1918; Sec. for War 1918–1919; Colonial Sec. 1919–1921; KG 1921, cr. Baron Milner 1901, Viscount Milner 1902.
101 Adam Duffin (1841–1924), stockbroker and Ulster Unionist; Senator NI 1921–1924.
102 House of Lords Debates, 20 June 1918, vol. 30, cols 289–299.
103 Moreton Frewen (1853–1924), Nationalist MP Cork North East 1910–1911; signatory of Ulster's Solemn League and Covenant 1912.
104 Edward Shortt.
105 Arthur James Balfour (1848–1930), Con. MP Hertford 1874–1885, Manchester East 1885–1906, City of London 1906–1922; Chief Sec. for Ire. 1887–1891; 1st Lord of Treasury 1891–1892, 1895–1905, PM 1902–1905; 1st Lord of Admiralty 1915–1916; For. Sec. 1916–1919; Lord Pres. 1919–1922, 1925–1929; Con. leader 1902–1911; KG 1922, cr. Earl of Balfour 1922.
106 James Edward Hubert Gascoigne-Cecil (1861–1947), Con. MP Darwen 1885–1892, Rochester 1893–1903; Under-Sec. FO 1900–1903; Lord Privy Seal 1903–1905, 1924–1929; Pres. Bd. of Trade 1905; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1922–1923; Lord Pres. 1922–1924; Con. leader in Lords 1925–1931; styled Viscount Cranborne 1868–1903, suc. 4th Marquess of Salisbury 1903.
107 House of Lords Debates, 29 January 1913, vol. 13, cols 644–652.
108 Edward Grey (1862–1933), Lib. MP Berwick-upon-Tweed 1885–1916; For. Sec. 1905–1916; Lib. leader in Lords 1923–1924; suc. 3rd Bart. 1882, KG 1912, cr. Viscount Grey of Fallodon 1916.
109 Thomas Brassey (1836–1918), Lib. MP Devonport 1865, Hastings 1868–1886; Parl. Sec. Admiralty 1884–1885, Gov. of Victoria 1895–1900, kt. 1881, cr. Baron Brassey of Bulkeley 1886, Earl Brassey 1911.
110 Charles Bulkeley Bulkeley-Johnson (1867–1917), army officer; brigadier-gen. 1914; killed in action.
111 The Lord Lt effectively rules out Londonderry's proposal: see Lord French to Londonderry, 19 August 1918, D3099/2/7/29.
112 Edward Aremberg Saunderson (1868–1929), civil servant; private sec. to Lord Lt of Ire. 1918–1920.
113 Windham Thomas Wyndham-Quin (1841–1926), Under-Sec. Colonial Office 1885–1887, styled Viscount Adare 1850–1871, suc. 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl 1871.
114 Bernard Arthur William Patrick Hastings Forbes (1874–1948), soldier and courtier; member Irish Convention 1917–1918; Senator IFS 1922–1934; KP 1909, suc. 8th Earl of Granard 1889.
115 Thomas Stafford (1857–1935), doctor and government official; cr. Bart. 1913.
116 Francis (Frank) Theophilus Brooke (1851–1920), naval officer, land agent, and railway executive; assassinated 1920.
117 Walter MacMurrough Kavanagh (1856–1922), Nationalist MP Carlow 1908–1910.
118 Stanley Harrington (1856–1949), industrialist; kt. 1907.
119 His Excellency (also H.E.), the Lord Lt, or viceroy, Lord French.
120 Catholic bishops.
121 Privy Council (Ire.).
122 James Henry Mussen Campbell (1851–1931), lawyer and politician; Unionist MP St Stephen's Dublin 1898–1900, Trinity College Dublin 1903–1916; Solicitor Gen. for Ire. 1901–1905; Attorney Gen. for Ire. 1905, 1916; Lord Chief Justice for Ire. 1916–1918; Lord Chanc. of Ire. 1918–1921; Senator IFS 1922–1928; cr. Bart. 1917, Baron Glenavy of Milltown 1921.
123 Edmund Bernard Fitzalan-Howard (1855–1947), soldier and politician; Con. MP Chichester 1894–1921; Chief Whip 1913–1915; Joint Parl. Sec. to Treasury 1915–1921; Lord Lt of Ire. 1921–1922; KG 1925, styled Lord Edmund Talbot 1876–1921, cr. Viscount Fitzalan 1921.
124 David Lloyd George.
125 Frederick Charles Shaw (1861–1942), army officer; CGS Home Forces 1916–1918; C.-in-C. British Army in Ire. 1918–1920; kt. 1917.
126 Richard Dawson Bates, memorandum, 31 August 1918, D3099/8.
127 George William Hacket Pain (1855–1924), soldier and police chief; Commander South Midland district 1908–1911; Chief of Staff to GOC, UVF 1912–1914; Commanded 108th Infantry Brigade 1914–1916; Div. Commander RIC Belfast 1916–1919; Ulster Unionist MP South Londonderry 1922; kt. 1919.
128 Walter Edgeworth-Johnstone (1863–1936), sportsman, soldier, and police chief; Chief Comm., Dublin Metropolitan Police 1915–1923 (from 1922 of Poilíní Átha Cliath); VC 1899, kt. 1924.
129 Edward Shortt, MP for Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
130 Echoes Ulster Unionist suggestions that the forced surrender of UVF arms might result in industrial action.
131 Joseph Aloysius Byrne (1874–1942), soldier, police chief, and colonial administrator; Inspector Gen. RIC 1916–1920; Gov. of Seychelles 1922–1927; Gov. of Sierra Leone 1927–1931; Gov. of Kenya 1931–1936; kt. 1918.
132 Edward Shortt.
133 Not enclosed with this record of the meeting.
134 Long's five-page memorandum justifies the establishment of the Viceroy's Advisory Council by highlighting the unsatisfactory channels of communication between Nationalist-controlled local government and Dublin Castle, as well as observing the tendency of Irish Unionists to criticize Dublin Castle.
135 P.J. McAndrew (dates unknown), resident of Highfield Road, Rathgar, Dublin.
136 William Revell Moody (1869–1933); pres. Northfield Schools, Massachusetts.
137 Dwight Lyman Moody (1837–1899), American evangelist and educationalist.
138 George Lloyd Reily Richardson (1847–1931), Brig.-Gen. (from 1904 Maj.-Gen., from 1906 Lt-Gen.) Indian Army 1902–1908; GOC, UVF 1913–1919; kt. 1909.
139 Richardson had often resided at Mount Stewart.
140 The Times, 24 July 1919, p. 13.
141 Antony Patrick MacDonnell (1844–1925), civil servant in India and Ire.; Under-Sec. for Ire. 1902–1908; member of Irish Convention 1917–1918; kt. 1893, cr. Baron MacDonnell of Swinford 1908.
142 Employment law.
143 House of Commons Debates, 21 July 1919, vol. 118, cols 1077–1115.
144 Governor Generalships.
145 Arthur John Bigge (1849–1931), private sec. to Queen Victoria 1895–1901, private sec. to King George V 1910–1931; kt. 1895, cr. Baron Stamfordham 1911.
146 Valentine Charles Browne (1860–1941), landowner; suc. 5th Earl of Kenmare 1905.
147 James Albert Hamilton (1869–1953), soldier and politician; Unionist MP Londonderry City 1900–1913; Senator NI 1921–1922; Gov. of NI 1922–1945; KP 1923, KG 1928, styled Marquess of Hamilton 1885–1913, suc. 3rd Duke of Abercorn 1913.
148 Cannes.