⁴⁸⁴ Cadogan replaced Vansittart as PUS at the FO in January 1938. Vansittart was ‘kicked upstairs’ — or pushed aside — to the position of ‘Chief Diplomatic Adviser’, a position that was created expressly for the purpose of removing him from the headship of the FO.

⁴⁸⁵ Horace John Wilson (1882–1972): Asst Sec., Ministry of Labour 1919–21, PUS 1921–30; Chief Industrial Adviser 1930–9; PUS Treasury & Head of Civil Service 1939–42; kt. 1924.

⁴⁸⁶ ‘Return from Rome’: 16 01 1939, p. 13.Google Scholar

⁴⁸⁷ ‘Is it about right to say that neither side scored, or wanted to score? Are further specific negotiations contemplated? What might be regarded as the gains of the visit (even if impalpable)? Is one of them that Mussolini pledged himself specifically to peaceful methods?

⁴⁸⁸ James Louis Garvin (1868–1947): Ed. The Observer 1908–1942.Google Scholar

⁴⁸⁹ Kennedy noted: ‘I tore up these notes inadvertently’.

⁴⁹⁰ Kálmán Buday: See his The International Position of Hungary & the Succession States (1931).Google Scholar

⁴⁹¹ pál Teleki (b. 1879): Hungarian politician & geographer; P.M. 1920–1; Min. of Worship & Public Instruction 1938; P.M. 1939–41.

⁴⁹² Geoffrey Knox (1884–1958): entered dip. service 1912; Counsellor in Madrid 1931; Chair, Saar Basin Governing Commission 1932–5; Min. in Budapest 1935–9; Amb. in Rio de Janiero 1939–41; kt. 1935. See his The Last Peace & the Next (1943).Google Scholar

⁴⁹³ ‘A Stand for Ordered Diplomacy’: 1 04 1939, p. 15.Google Scholar

⁴⁹⁴ Dawson noted in his diary on 31 March: ‘Leo K writing the leader after a great deal of discussion & diplomatic, parliamentary notes etc. all requiring a lot of revision (& excision).’ Dawson Mss. 43, f. 53, Bodleian Library.

⁴⁹⁵ From ‘Miscellany book’.

⁴⁹⁶ Jozef Beck (1894–1944): Mil. Attaché in Paris 1922–5; Chef de cab. to Marshal Pilsudski as Min. of War 1926–29; Min. without Portfolio 1929–32; Deputy P.M. 1930–2; U-Sec. of St., For. Affs 1930–32; Min. of For. Affs 1932–3, 1933–4, 1934–5, 1935, 1935–6, 1936–9; mb. LoN. Council for Poland, 1931–9; escaped to Rumania 1939, interned 1940, died in internment 1944. See his Dernier rapport (1951).Google Scholar

⁴⁹⁷ John Fisher Wentworth Dilke (1906–1944): son of Sir Fisher Wentworth, 4th Bt Dilke; husband of Sheila.

⁴⁹⁸ William Seeds (1882–1973): entered dip. service 1904; High Commissioner, Rhineland 1928–30; Amb. in Rio de Janiero 1930–5, in Moscow 1939–40; kt. 1930.

⁴⁹⁹ Hubert M. Gladwyn Jebb (1900–96): entered dip. service 1924; FO 1929–54; pvt. Sec. to PUS 1937–40; FO delegate to Ministry of Economic Warfare 1941–2; Head of Reconstruction Dept 1942–5; Asst U-Sec. 1946–9; Permanent Representative at UN 1950–4; Amb. in Paris 1954–60; kt. 1954; cr. Lord Gladwyn 1956. See his The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (1972).Google Scholar

⁵⁰⁰ William Francis Forbes-Semphill (1893–1965); engineer & aviator; Pres. Royal Aernonautical Society 1927–30; suc. 19^th Bt. Semphill 1934.

⁵⁰¹ Grigore Gafençu (1892–1957): journalist & politician; founded Revista Vremei 1919Google Scholar, Timpul 1927Google Scholar; mb. of Nat. Peasant Party; For. Min. 1938–40; Min. in Moscow 1940–2; exiled to Switzerland 1941–5; sentenced in absentia by communist government to 20 years imprisonment for high treason. See his The Last Days of Europe (1944).Google Scholar

⁵⁰² Patrick Kirkman Hodgson (1884–1963): pvt. Sec. to Duke of York 1926–33.

⁵⁰³ ‘Very sound indeed, of course, and full of good arguments but they would get across better if he could put a kick into them.

There is a lack of the telling phrases of last year's address e.g. ‘There are various kinds of change, from the convulsion of the earthquake to the slow development of the forest tree’.

In 1938 he said — ‘We have no wish to cramp legitimate developments or to encircle any nation with a ring of potential enemies’. It seems to me it would be well worth while boldly to recall this sentence with particular emphasis on the opening words ‘We have no wish’. The explanation he now gives of why we have done it will be all the more effective.

Last year he also said ‘The best propaganda you can do for the British people here and throughout the Empire is to give them facts, as objectively as you can’.

This seems to offer a good entry for explaining the work of Lord Perth, which is not mentioned, but which would fit appropriately into a discourse at Chatham House.

On p. 1, Poland is included in the list of nations to whom we have given unilateral pledges, but Beck made a point of saying that the pledge was reciprocal.

⁵⁰⁴ Hugh Montague Trenchard (1873–1956): Chief of Air Staff 1919–29, 1^st Marshal of the Royal Air Force 1927; Comm. Metropolitan Police 1931–5; Chm. of the United Africa Company 1936–53; kt. 1918; cr. Viscount 1936.

⁵⁰⁵ Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850–1916): army officer; Min. for War 1914–16; cr. Earl Kitchener of Khartoum 1914.