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11 The Allies Advance: May to December 1943
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 October 2009
Extract
Friday 14 May 1943 The great news of the north African victory is becoming clearer and clearer – though whether the effect on German morale is as great as the papers would have us imagine remains to be seen … so long as they are assured that the German defences are so strong in Europe that we cannot surmount them, they will carry on despite the air bombing, etc., etc. – at least such is my conviction. We simply have got to go through with it – or make up our minds to that effect – we have got to beat the German army in Germany – and it is going to be a terrific job.
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References
1 translation: required word.
2 The short title of the Third International, established by Soviet Communism in March 1919 as the organizing body to promote Marxist world revolution.
3 translation: capable of anything.
4 Churchill had recently visited the U.S.A. and the North African theatre.
5 In Nov. 1943 Ernest Brown (q.v.) was moved from the Min. of Health to the lesser post of Chanc. of the Duchy of Lancaster.
6 Headlam served as junior minister at the Ministry of Pensions 1931–32.
7 The nickname of William Shepherd Morrison (q.v.).
8 Wladyslaw Sikorski (1881–1943), Polish soldier and statesman; P.M. 1922–23; P.M. & C. in C. of Polish Govt.-in-exile in London 1939–43.
9 Thelma Cazalet-Keir (q.v.), Victor Cazalet's sister.
10 Victor Emmanuel III (1869–1947), King of Italy 1900–46; assumed titles of Emporer of Ethiopia 1935 & King of Albania 1939 after Italian occupations; abdicated May 1946, died in exile in Egypt.
11 Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956), Italian soldier and statesman; Chief of Staff, 1925–28,1940–41; Gov. of Tripolitania & Cyrenaica 1928–34; C. in C. Italian forces in Abyssinia 1935–36; P.M. 1943–44.
12 David Kirkwood (1872–1955), Lab. M.P. Dumbarton Burghs 1922–1950, Dunbartonshire E. 1950–51 (sat as I.L.P. M.P. 1931–33); cr. Baron Kirkwood 1951.
13 A proposal for an overall Conservative organization for the city of Newcastle.
14 A summit conference attended by Churchill, Roosevelt and their staffs.
15 Francis Edward Fremantle (1872–1943), Con. M.P. St. Albans 1919–43; County Medical Officer of Health, Herts. 1902–16; kt. 1932.
16 Arnold Talbot Wilson (1884–1940), Con. M.P. Hitchin 1933–40; career in Indian Army; Chairman, Industrial Health Research Bd. 1929–33; identified as sympathetic towards the German & Italian Fascist regimes in the 1930s; joined R.A.F. as an Air Gunner Nov. 1939, missing in action & presumed killed 31 May 1940.
17 Edward William Spencer Cavendish (1895–1950), Con. M.P. Derbyshire W. 1923–38; U.S. Dominions 1936–40; U.S. India 1940–43; U.S. Colonies 1943–45; Ld. Lt. Derbyshire 1938–50; styled Marquess of Hartington 1908–38, suc. 10th Duke of Devonshire 1938, K.G. 1941.
18 Charles Edward Ponsonby (1879–1976), Con. M.P. Sevenoaks 1935–50; P.P.S. to A. Eden 1940–45; Chairman of Council, Royal Empire Soc. 1954–57; Pres., Royal African Soc. 1962–71; cr. Bart. 1956.
19 Headlam's activities for this day were described by mistake on the page intended for 24 Sep., with the entry for 25 Sep. noting ‘I see that I have written most of today's happenings in my remarks of yesterday, which is carelessness.’ As it was not a case of entries being simply transposed, Headlam did not follow his normal practice of amending the printed page headings by hand. The first part of this extract, as far as ‘perfectly blue nose’, appears on the page allotted to 24 Sep.; the remainder, commenting upon the ministerial appointments, is on the page intended for 25 Sep.
20 Cripps was expelled from the Labour Party in Jan. 1939 for advocating a ‘Popular Front’ with anti-appeasers and Communists against Fascism, but he was never a member of the Communist Party; Headlam's reference is rather to the ideas of state control with which Cripps was identified as a leading figure in the Labour radical left during the 1930s.
21 Kingsley Wood, Chanc. of the Exchequer, died suddenly on 21 Sep. 1943.
22 Beaverbrook was 64 years old in 1943.
23 Hacking (q. v.) had been Chairman of the Party at the start of the war.
24 The Commons chamber was destroyed by an incendiary bomb on the night of 10–11 May 1941. After a short interval at Church House, the Commons met in the Chamber of the House of Lords until the rebuilt Commons chamber was opened in Oct. 1950.
25 Quintin McGarel Hogg (1907–), Con. M.P. Oxford 1938–50, St. Marylebone 1963–70; a founder of the Tory Reform Ctte. 1943–45; jt. U.S. Air 1945; 1st Lord of Admiralty 1956–57; Min. of Educ. 1957; Con. Party Chairman 1957–59; Lord Pres. 1957–59, 1960–64; Lord Privy Seal 1959–60; Min. for Science 1960–64; Leader of House of Lords 1960–63; Educ. Sec. Apr.–Oct. 1964; Lord Chanc. 1970–74, 1979–87; suc. 2nd Viscount Hailsham 1950, disclaimed peerage 1963, cr. Baron Hailsham of St. Marylebone 1970.
26 Hogg was the son and heir of the 1st Viscount Hailsham.
27 Alexander West Russell (1879–1961), Con. M.P. Tynemouth 1922–45; kt. 1937.
28 William Brass (1886–1945), Con. M.P. Clitheroe 1922–45; P.P.S. to N. Chamberlain 1922–24, 1924–27, to L. Amery 1927–28, to J. Moore-Brabazon 1940–42; kt. 1929, er. Baron Chattisham 1945.
29 Andrew MacLaren (1883–1975), Lab. M.P. Burslem 1922–23, 1924–31, 1935–45 (Ind. Lab. from Mar. 1943).
30 ‘My Honourable Friend’ is the form used in debate when referring to another M.P. who is of the same party.
31 Archibald Henry Maule Ramsay (1894–1955), Con. M.P. Peebles & Midlothian S. 1931–45. Ramsay was strongly anti-Semitic and prominent in upper-class circles sympathetic to Nazi Germany. Documents found when Tyler Kent, a diplomat at the U.S. embassy in London, was arrested for espionage on 20 May 1940 linked him to Ramsay and other members of the Right Club. This led to an extension of the terms of Defence Regulation 18B by the Privy Council and on 23 May, together with Sir Oswald Mosley and leading figures of the British Union of Fascists, Ramsay was arrested and interned. He was detained in Brixton Prison until 26 Sep. 1944, but was never charged with any offence.
32 Henry Urmston Willink (1894–1973), Con. M.P. Croydon N. 1940–48; Special Comm. for Rehousing for London Region 1940–43; Min. of Health 1943–45; Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge 1948–66; High Bailiff of Westminster 1942–67; Dean of Court of Arches & Vicar-Gen, of Province of Canterbury 1955–70; cr. Bart. 1957.
33 Oswald Ernald Mosley (1896–1980), M.P. Harrow 1918–24 (Con. to 1920, Ind. 1920–24, Lab. from 1924), Smethwick 1926–31 (Lab. to 1931, then New Party); Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1929–30; Leader of New Party 1931–32, of British Union of Fascists 1932–40, of Union Movement 1948–66; interned 1940–43; suc. 6th Bart. 1928.
34 Diana Mitford (1910–), daughter of 2nd Baron Redesdale; married 1929 Bryan Walter Guinness, later 2nd Baron Moyne (divored 1934), married 1936 Sir Oswald Mosley; closely involved with him in British Union of Fascists during 1930s, visited Hitler, regarded as pro-German and interned with her husband.
35 Defence Regulation 18B, under which Mosley and other British Fascists had been imprisoned since 1940, permitted internment without trial on grounds of national security; the Con. M.P. Ramsay was also held under this wartime regulation.
36 translation: familiar.